Case: Johnson v. Jackson Parish School Board

3:65-cv-11130 | U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana

Filed Date: June 2, 1965

Closed Date: 2018

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

BackgroundOn June 2, 1965, African-American students in Jackson Parish, Louisiana, filed this school desegregation lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. The plaintiffs sued the Jackson Parish School Board to enjoin the operation of a racially segregated school system in the parish. At various times during its lengthy history, this case involved consolidated hearings with parallel school desegregation cases from Alabama and other parts of Louisiana.The plainti…

Background

On June 2, 1965, African-American students in Jackson Parish, Louisiana, filed this school desegregation lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. The plaintiffs sued the Jackson Parish School Board to enjoin the operation of a racially segregated school system in the parish. At various times during its lengthy history, this case involved consolidated hearings with parallel school desegregation cases from Alabama and other parts of Louisiana.

The plaintiffs promptly moved for a preliminary injunction. On July 27, 1965, the court (Judge Benjamin C. Dawkins Jr.) ordered the Parish to terminate its compulsory system of racial segregation and propose a desegregation plan to the court, which the defendants submitted and to which the plaintiffs objected. On October 5, 1965, the court approved a “phased in” desegregation plan that permitted students in the 1st, 2nd, 11th and 12th grades to apply for transfer during a four-day window between January 3rd and January 7th, 1966. The plaintiffs were displeased with the court’s plan and, joined on February 7, 1966 by the United States as an intervenor-plaintiff, appealed to the Fifth Circuit.

Consolidated Appeals

The February 1966 appeal began a period in which this case was consolidated in a series of appeals that defined the Fifth Circuit’s approach to school desegregation. In the first appeal, the Fifth Circuit rejected the school districts’ basic argument that Brown v. Board of Education required only that African-American children be allowed to apply for admission to white schools. Instead, the Fifth Circuit declared that “[t]he only school desegregation plan that meets constitutional standards is one that works.” It remanded the cases for the district courts to desegregate more effectively. United States v. Jefferson County Board of Education, 372 F.2d 836. The Fifth Circuit then re-heard the case en banc. The en banc court affirmed the panel’s opinion and clarified that school districts have an affirmative duty to desegregate. United States v. Jefferson County Board of Education, 380 F.2d 385. For more details on the lead case in the consolidated litigation (from Alabama, then part of the Fifth Circuit), please see the case page in the Clearinghouse.

On remand in 1967, the district court issued new injunctions requiring action on desegregation. The United States was not satisfied with the new injunction’s contents and appealed on August 2, 1968. Moreover, the legal landscape had shifted in the plaintiffs’ favor: the Supreme Court in Green v. County School Board of New Kent County, 391 U.S. 430 (1968), had expressed frustration at the inadequacy of freedom of choice plans.

This case was again consolidated on appeal, and the Fifth Circuit curtailed the use of freedom of choice plans. Adams v. Mathews, 403 F.2d 181 (1968). The consolidated cases were remanded to a three-judge district court that nevertheless approved freedom of choice plans in this and 28 other cases on November 14, 1968. Conley v. Lake Charles School Board, 293 F. Supp. 84 (W.D. La. 1968). That produced another appeal, and on May 28, 1969, the Fifth Circuit definitively ruled that freedom of choice plans were inadequate to achieve desegregation of public schools. Hall v. St. Helena Parish School Board, 417 F.2d 801 (1969). For more information on the Lake Charles case, see the case page in the Clearinghouse. For more information on the St. Helena case, please see the case page in the Clearinghouse.

On August 4, 1969, the district court approved another desegregation plan submitted by the Jackson School Board. The August 1969 desegregation adjusted busing rules and named formerly African-American schools to be closed for the 1970-71 school year. The plaintiffs appealed, alleging that these plans did not establish racially unitary school systems. On December 9, 1969, the Fifth Circuit reversed the district court’s approval of desegregation plans in Jackson and three other parishes, again remanding to the district court to choose desegregation plans that would establish unitary school systems. Johnson v. Jackson Parish School Board, 420 F.2d 692 (1969).

Individual Appeals

The district court approved another desegregation plan on January 27, 1970 after the Supreme Court ruled in Carter v. West Feliciana Parish, 396 U.S. 290 (1970) that there would be no deferral of integration. The January 27, 1970 desegregation plan called for closing three previously all-African American schools and using geographic zoning to integrate the remaining schools. The desegregation plans and court orders did not mention the manner in which students were to be assigned to classes within the schools, which would allow a system of “integrated” schools with segregated classrooms. Upon re-hearing to clarify the December 9, 1969 ruling, the Fifth Circuit modified their mandate to ensure the School Boards would desegregate both the schools and the classrooms within the schools. Johnson v. Jackson Parish School Board, 423 F.2d 1055 (1970).

Consent Decree

On August 20, 1970, the district court issued a decree directing the defendants to take all reasonable and necessary steps to terminate the operation of a segregated school system and implement a unitary, non-segregated school system. The decree also required the School Board to file reports with the court until the court declared the school system to be unitary.

Since the 1970s, the School Board has continued to file reports with the district court. Over the years, the School Board has made several motions to change bus routes, consolidate schools and build new schools. On July 18, 2005, the students of Chatham School filed a motion to intervene, hoping to stop the Jackson Parish School Board from closing Chatham Japer Henderson High School. The district court denied the motion to intervene for a lack of standing on August 10, 2005.

On September 30, 2009, the School Board moved to clarify the court order after some confusion regarding the hiring of someone to fill the Supervisor of Federal Programs position, which was granted by Judge James on January 7, 2010. 2010 WL 102771.

On July 29, 2013, the court found that the School Board had demonstrated good-faith efforts to maintain nondiscriminatory operations in the areas of facilities, transportation, and extracurricular activities, and as such, unitary status was granted in those areas. 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 105973. This order did not affect areas including student assignment and faculty and staff assignment and hiring.

On September 30, 2009, the School Board moved to clarify the court order after some confusion regarding the hiring of someone to fill the Supervisor of Federal Programs position, which was granted by Judge James on January 7, 2010. 2010 WL 102771.

On July 29, 2013, the court found that the School Board had demonstrated good-faith efforts to maintain nondiscriminatory operations in the areas of facilities, transportation, and extracurricular activities, and as such, unitary status was granted in those areas. 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 105973. This order did not affect areas including student assignment and faculty and staff assignment and hiring.

On December 17, 2018, the School Board of Jackson Parish filed an unopposed motion for declaration of total unitary status and motion to dismiss. The next day, Judge Robert G. James granted the motion, finding that the Board had complied with the consent order in good faith and that it had fulfilled its desegregation obligations. Judge James dissolved all remaining injunctions and dismissed the case with prejudice. The case is now closed.

Available Opinions

U.S. v. Jefferson Cty. Bd. of Educ., 372 F.2d 836 (1966)

U.S. v. Jefferson Cty. Bd. of Educ., 380 F.2d 385 (1967)

Conley v. Lake Charles Sch. Bd., 293 F.Supp. 84 (1968)

Adams v. Mathews, 403 F.2d 181 (1968)

Hall v. St. Helena Parish Sch. Bd., 417 F.2d 801 (1969)

Johnson v. Jackson Parish Sch. Bd., 420 F.2d 692 (1969)

Johnson v. Jackson Parish Sch. Bd., 423 F.2d 1055 (1970)

Johnson v. Jackson Parish Sch. Bd., 2010 WL 102771 (2010)

Johnson v. Jackson Parish Sch. Bd., 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 105973 (2013)

Summary Authors

Alaael-Deen Shilleh (4/30/2017)

Elizabeth Helpling (11/24/2019)

Related Cases

Hall and United States of America v. St. Helena Parish School Board, Middle District of Louisiana (1952)

U.S. v. Jefferson County Bd. of Ed./Stout v. Jefferson County Bd. of Ed., Northern District of Alabama (1965)

Conley v. Lake Charles School Board, Calcasieu Parish School Board, Western District of Louisiana (1964)

Related School Desegregation Cases in the Western District of Louisiana, Western District of Louisiana (1964)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4511179/parties/johnson-v-jackson-parish/


Judge(s)
Attorney for Plaintiff

Abely, William F. (Louisiana)

Ackerman, Daniel (Louisiana)

Adelstein, Jay David (Louisiana)

Ake, Adam Kenneth (Louisiana)

Alaniz, Anibal J (Louisiana)

Attorney for Defendant
Expert/Monitor/Master/Other
Judge(s)

Brown, John Robert (Louisiana)

Cabot, Ted (Florida)

Cox, William Harold (Mississippi)

Dawkins, Benjamin Cornwell Jr. (Louisiana)

Dyer, David William (Georgia)

Gewin, Walter Pettus (Alabama)

Godbold, John Cooper (Louisiana)

Goldberg, Irving Loeb (Louisiana)

Hayes, Karen L. (Louisiana)

Hunter, Edwin Ford Jr. (Louisiana)

James, Robert Gillespie (Louisiana)

Morgan, Lewis Render (Georgia)

Putnam, Richard Johnson (Louisiana)

Thornberry, William Homer (Texas)

Wisdom, John Minor (Louisiana)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Abely, William F. (Louisiana)

Ackerman, Daniel (Louisiana)

Adelstein, Jay David (Louisiana)

Ake, Adam Kenneth (Louisiana)

Alaniz, Anibal J (Louisiana)

Alberto, Christopher (Louisiana)

Albus, Thomas C. (Louisiana)

Almonte, Jorge (Louisiana)

Altman, Stephen D (Louisiana)

Ambrose, Bruce S. (Louisiana)

Anderson, Justin A. (Louisiana)

Anderson, Michael D. (Louisiana)

Anderson, James C (Louisiana)

Andrejko, Nicole M. (Louisiana)

Anglade, Woody (Louisiana)

Ansari, Tina (Louisiana)

ARTEAGA, JOSE R. (Louisiana)

Asphaug, Scott Erik (Louisiana)

Astorga, Patricia (Louisiana)

Attorney, Chief Criminal (Louisiana)

AUSA, Kurt W. (Louisiana)

AUSA, Michael P. (Louisiana)

AUSA, Kevin J. (Louisiana)

AUSA, Tiffany Mallory (Louisiana)

AUSA, John J. (Louisiana)

AUSA, Jonathan Ophardt (Louisiana)

AUSA), Corey John (Louisiana)

AUSA), Katherine Ann (Louisiana)

Austin, Michael Duane (Louisiana)

Axel, Douglas A (Louisiana)

Axelrad, Joseph David (Louisiana)

Baehr, James Stuart (Louisiana)

Bain-Creed, Benjamin (Louisiana)

Baldwin, Peter W. (Louisiana)

Barofsky, Neil Michael (Louisiana)

Barrett, Mark J. (Louisiana)

Barrett, Laurie M. (Louisiana)

Bartolotto, James G. (Louisiana)

Basile, Jennie L (Louisiana)

Bauman, Kenneth C. (Louisiana)

Bayens, Stephan Kenneth (Louisiana)

Beane, Eric Joseph (Louisiana)

Beaty, Andrew Douglas (Louisiana)

Becker, Elise (Louisiana)

Beidel, Jennifer L. (Louisiana)

Bell, G. M. (Louisiana)

Bellas, Leslie B (Louisiana)

Bellows, Rebeca H. (Louisiana)

Bendor, Catherine A. (Louisiana)

Benson, Thomas A (Louisiana)

Berg, Arianna Rebecca (Louisiana)

Bergmann, Jason (Louisiana)

Berne, Amy L. (Louisiana)

Bernstein, Gregory Douglas (Louisiana)

Bharara, Preet (Louisiana)

Bickers, Kathleen Louise (Louisiana)

Biersbach, Nicholas J. (Louisiana)

Binara, Nima (Louisiana)

Birnbaum, Alan (Louisiana)

Biskupic, Steven M (Louisiana)

Bither, Christine A. (Louisiana)

Blackington, Bradley A. (Louisiana)

Blackwood, Elizabeth M (Louisiana)

Blan, Justin S (Louisiana)

Bloom, Daryl Ford (Louisiana)

Bloom, Sara M. (Louisiana)

Bode, Allen Lee (Louisiana)

Bohn, Kurt J. (Louisiana)

Bolden, Scott David (Louisiana)

Booth, Patricia Hubert (Louisiana)

Borodin, Marc (Louisiana)

Borshansky, Neta (Louisiana)

Bove, Emil Joseph (Louisiana)

Bowler, John (Louisiana)

BOXER, MATTHEW (Louisiana)

Branda, Joyce R. (Louisiana)

Brawley, Kimberly A (Louisiana)

Brier, Barbara Scott (Louisiana)

Brodsky, Reed Michael (Louisiana)

Bronstein, Alvin J. (Mississippi)

Brooker, Renee (Louisiana)

Brooker, Carl F. (Louisiana)

Brown, Leslie C. (Louisiana)

Brown, Liza Jane (Louisiana)

Brown, Amy Elizabeth (Louisiana)

Brown, Jacqueline Camille (Louisiana)

Bruser, Heather (Louisiana)

Buckley, Sean Stephen (Louisiana)

Bullard, Lawrence (Louisiana)

Bumatay, Patrick (Louisiana)

Burkart, Amy H. (Louisiana)

Burns, Jennifer Eileen (Louisiana)

Capriola, Richard J. (Louisiana)

CARRILLO, MARIA M. (Louisiana)

Carroll, Eric Vincent (Louisiana)

Catanese, Liah Chantal (Louisiana)

Cavanaugh, Kelly A. (Louisiana)

Cazares, Stephen A (Louisiana)

CC, US Marshal (Louisiana)

Champagne, Joshua (Louisiana)

Chan, Andrew Ken-Wei (Louisiana)

CHANNAPATI, ANITA (Louisiana)

Chase, Sara Elizabeth (Louisiana)

Chernoff, Harry A. (Louisiana)

Chew, Hanley (Louisiana)

Chicago, AUSA - (Louisiana)

Clark, Casey Michael (Louisiana)

Cohen, Kyle Scott (Louisiana)

Cohen, Richard Edward (Louisiana)

Cohen, Jeffrey M (Louisiana)

Cole, James T. (Louisiana)

Collins, Stephan A. (Louisiana)

Connally, Charlie Dustin (Louisiana)

Connor, Nicholas (Louisiana)

Connor, James Patrick (Louisiana)

Conte, Robert F (Louisiana)

Cook, Alicia H. (Louisiana)

Cook, Glenn M (Louisiana)

Coolican, Michael (Louisiana)

Coonan, William E. (Louisiana)

Cooney, J.P. (Louisiana)

Cooper, Richard Alan (Louisiana)

COPELAND, KATAYOUN M. (Louisiana)

Coppola, Heiko Philipp (Louisiana)

Corinis, Jennifer Waugh (Louisiana)

Corlett, B Celeste (Louisiana)

Counihan, Brian J. (Louisiana)

Cowles, John E. (Louisiana)

Cox, James E. (Louisiana)

CR, U S (Louisiana)

CRAWLEY, MARY E. (Louisiana)

Crowley, Shawn Geovjian (Louisiana)

Cruz-Zapata, Diana (Louisiana)

Crytzer, Katherine A. (Louisiana)

Cuellar, Carina (Louisiana)

Cummings, Torey B. (District of Columbia)

Dabbs, Clayton A. (Louisiana)

D'Addio, David J. (Louisiana)

D'Alessandro, Mark Thomas (Louisiana)

Danis, Angie E. (Louisiana)

Dann, Mark A (Louisiana)

Davies, Patricia W. (Louisiana)

Davis, Vicki M. (Louisiana)

Davis, Steven M. (Louisiana)

Davis, Nanette Louise (Louisiana)

Davis, John S. (Louisiana)

Dea, Hong S (Louisiana)

Demas, Tiana A. (Louisiana)

Dempsey, Jamie Goss (Louisiana)

Denton, Sandra L. (Louisiana)

Department, Probation (Louisiana)

DEVANEY, WILLIAM HASTINGS (Louisiana)

DeVillers, David A. (Louisiana)

DeWitte, Conrad Joseph (Louisiana)

Dickinson, Daniel W. (Louisiana)

DIVINY, CHRISTOPHER (Louisiana)

Dodd, Kimberle E. (Louisiana)

Doleac, Chad Malcom (Louisiana)

Domaszek, Bridget J (Louisiana)

Domingue, Camille A (Louisiana)

Donaleski, Rebekah Allen (Louisiana)

Douglas, Nils R. (Louisiana)

Drake, Matthew (Louisiana)

DREW, JOSHUA (Louisiana)

Drucker, Jonathan (Louisiana)

Duane, J. Mackenzie (Louisiana)

Duffey, Peter S. (Louisiana)

Dunn, Sean Michael (Louisiana)

Dunn, Jason (Louisiana)

Dupris, Cheryl Schrempp (Louisiana)

Durborow, Deirdre A. (Louisiana)

Duva, Andrew Tysen (Louisiana)

Eddy, Ethan Carson (Louisiana)

Edmonds, Timothy DeLoache (Louisiana)

Edwards, Sebastian Alexander (Louisiana)

Egan, Patrick (Louisiana)

Elbert, Lauren Howard (Louisiana)

Elfner, Lauren (Louisiana)

Eliopoulos, George Peter (Louisiana)

Ellis, Steven D (Louisiana)

Ellsworth, Marci L. (Louisiana)

Emden, Christopher John (Louisiana)

Escher, Charles J (Louisiana)

Ettinger, Derek J (Louisiana)

Euliss, Richard D. (Louisiana)

Evans, Neil J. (Louisiana)

Evans, Sarah (Louisiana)

Everdell, Christian R. (Louisiana)

Faruqui, Zia Mustafa (Louisiana)

Fee, Adam (Louisiana)

Feinzig, Margery B. (Louisiana)

Fellrath, Robert A (Louisiana)

Ferguson, David R. (Louisiana)

Ferko, Carolyn (Louisiana)

Few, Adelaide G. (Louisiana)

Finch, Andrew C (Louisiana)

Fish, Andrew L. (Louisiana)

Fisherow, W Benjamin (Louisiana)

Fitzpatrick, Dennis (Louisiana)

Flannigan, Kim I. (Louisiana)

Flannigan, David Paul (Louisiana)

Fleming, M. W. (Louisiana)

Flint, Myles E (Louisiana)

Flynn, Sean (Louisiana)

Fojtik, Karin (Louisiana)

Foley, David Allen (Louisiana)

Folly, Nicholas (Louisiana)

Ford, Donna (Louisiana)

Ford, Kimlani Murray (Louisiana)

Francis, Jennifer (Louisiana)

Franzinger, Thomas Carl (Louisiana)

Frohling, Richard G (Louisiana)

Fuhr, David Michael (Louisiana)

Gaffney, Megan (Louisiana)

Gale, Alan S (Louisiana)

Garbers, Wendy M. (Louisiana)

Garcia, Colleen E. (Louisiana)

Garcia, Christopher Louis (Louisiana)

Garcia, Yvonne L (Louisiana)

Garnett, Allison (Louisiana)

Garrison, Timothy A. (Louisiana)

Garrison, Suzanne M. (Louisiana)

Garten, Danielle M (Louisiana)

Gaston, Erich H. (Louisiana)

Gaugush, Simon Alexander (Louisiana)

Gay, Joseph H. (Louisiana)

Gegan, Edmund J. (Louisiana)

Gentin, Andrew (Louisiana)

Gerace, Dominick S. (Louisiana)

Geraci, Justina Louise (Louisiana)

Gibbons, Theryn G. (Louisiana)

Gibbs, John T. (Louisiana)

Gilchrist, Bayron T (Louisiana)

Giles, Bradley William (Louisiana)

Gillice, Thomas A. (Louisiana)

Gillis, James Philip (Louisiana)

Gingras, Kevin R. (Louisiana)

Glober, Bonnie Ames (Louisiana)

Gold, Jonathan H. (Louisiana)

Gold, I. Randall (Louisiana)

Goldberg, Lauren R. (Louisiana)

Goldberg, Dale Ann (Louisiana)

Goldin, Nicholas Stoloff (Louisiana)

Goldschmidt, Iris (Louisiana)

Gordon, Michael S. (Louisiana)

Gov, Christopher L. (Louisiana)

Gov, Keesha D. (Louisiana)

Gov, John A. (Louisiana)

Gov, Jerry L. (Louisiana)

Gov, Stan B. (Louisiana)

GOVT, R. Benjamin (Louisiana)

GOVT, Michael Dwight (Louisiana)

GOVT, Justin Lee (Louisiana)

GOVT, Catherine J. (Louisiana)

GOVT, Jared Chase (Louisiana)

GOVT, Brian Alexander (Louisiana)

Gowie, Renata A (Louisiana)

Grady, Michael (Louisiana)

Graham, Robin A. (Louisiana)

Granston, Michael D. (Louisiana)

Grant, G. Wingate (Louisiana)

Grau, Rossana Rolon (Louisiana)

Gray, Brent A. (Louisiana)

Gray, Christopher D. (Louisiana)

Gregory, Douglas E. (Louisiana)

Griess, Jason T (Louisiana)

Groat, John Sinclair (Louisiana)

Grogan, Edward P. (Louisiana)

Groom, Deborah Fennell (Louisiana)

Gunasekera, Eva U. (Louisiana)

H, US Marshal (Louisiana)

Haanstad, Gregory J (Louisiana)

Hafetz, Joshua G. (Louisiana)

Haggans, Matthew (Louisiana)

Hahn, Mary J. (Louisiana)

Hall, Jennifer Lynne (Louisiana)

Hallock, Michael (Louisiana)

Han, Edward (Louisiana)

Haney, Rosie (Louisiana)

Hanna, Adam E. (Louisiana)

Hanna, Ian Martinez (Louisiana)

Harden, Charles T. (Louisiana)

Harder, David W. (Louisiana)

Harjani, Sunil R (Louisiana)

Harlow, Christopher Loren (Louisiana)

Harris, Stacie B. (Louisiana)

Hartman, Scott Andrew (Louisiana)

Harvey, Brett A. (Louisiana)

Harwell, Lacy R. (Louisiana)

Hattan, Andrea Whittier (Louisiana)

Hebert, Janice E (Louisiana)

Hein, Patrick (Louisiana)

Hemann, John Henry (Louisiana)

Hernandez, Jason Peter (Louisiana)

Herrera, Nancy G (Louisiana)

Hertz, Michael F (Louisiana)

Hickey, Adam Sean (Louisiana)

Higgins, Laura A. (Louisiana)

Higgins, John E. (Louisiana)

Hill, Heather A. (Louisiana)

Hinds, Stephanie M. (Louisiana)

Hipkiss, James M. (Louisiana)

Ho, Katherine M. (Louisiana)

HOBGOOD, HARRY L. (Louisiana)

Hoffman, Gail J (Louisiana)

Holton, Dwight C. (Louisiana)

Hood, Brian R. (Louisiana)

Hooks, Jonathan P. (Louisiana)

Hopkins, Ralph E. (Louisiana)

Hottle, Douglas M. (Louisiana)

Houghton, Kristopher N (Louisiana)

Houk, Diane L. (Louisiana)

Hudalla, John Andrew (Louisiana)

Hudson, Jennifer D.L. (Louisiana)

Huftalen, Arnold H. (Louisiana)

Hunter, Matthew (Louisiana)

Hurst, Patricia L. (Louisiana)

Hurtado, Samuel A. (Louisiana)

Imperato, Ralph Edward (Louisiana)

Jackson, William Buchanan (Louisiana)

Jacobs, Jon B. (Louisiana)

Jaroch, Brandon (Louisiana)

Jerrett, Michelle L. (Louisiana)

Jestin, Katya Townshend (Louisiana)

Jocher, John David (Louisiana)

Johns, Joseph O (Louisiana)

Johnson, Eric (Louisiana)

Johnston, Thomas E. (Louisiana)

Johnston, Ann R (Louisiana)

Jonas, Barry (Louisiana)

Jones, Mary Patricia (Louisiana)

JORDAN, JENNIFER B. (Louisiana)

Josephson, Matthew Allan (Louisiana)

Joyner, James Clayton (Louisiana)

Jr, Hays Jenkins (Louisiana)

Jr, George M (Louisiana)

Jr, Marvin Price (Louisiana)

Jr, Hector Federico (Louisiana)

Jr, John Jay (Louisiana)

Kadon, Karl Paul (Louisiana)

Kamal, Jilan Janet (Louisiana)

Kaplan, Philip Sam (Louisiana)

Karl, Lee J. (Louisiana)

Karns, Bridget (Louisiana)

Kasulis, Telemachus Philip (Louisiana)

Kayser, Carol M (Louisiana)

Keker, John W (Louisiana)

Kelleher, James Joseph (Louisiana)

Keller, Dwight K (Louisiana)

Kelley, Jeremy James (Louisiana)

Kelley, Kevin W (Louisiana)

Kelly, Candace (Louisiana)

Kelly, Jacqueline Christine (Louisiana)

Kenney, Christine E. (Louisiana)

Kent, Thomas Michael (Louisiana)

Kessler, David K. (Louisiana)

Khan, Talha M. (Louisiana)

Kim, Jayne (Louisiana)

Kim, Beong-Soo (Louisiana)

Kim, Jessica H. (Louisiana)

Kirby, Vincent Quill (Louisiana)

Kirschman, Robert Edward (Louisiana)

Klein, Joshua I (Louisiana)

Klovers, Christelle (Louisiana)

Knepel, Susan M (Louisiana)

Knight, Jessica W (Louisiana)

Knishkowy, Jeffrey (Louisiana)

Knox, Susan (Louisiana)

Kohnen, Ralph William (Louisiana)

Komatireddy, Saritha (Louisiana)

Korobov, Kristina M. (Louisiana)

Kosloske, John Edgar (Louisiana)

Kraehe, George C (Louisiana)

Krause, Mark (Louisiana)

Kromberg, Gordon D. (Louisiana)

Krouse, Michael Kim (Louisiana)

Kull-DOJ, John (Louisiana)

Kummerfeld, Nathaniel Christopher (Louisiana)

L, US Probation (Louisiana)

LABAR, JOSEPH A. (Louisiana)

Lacosta, Anthony W. (Louisiana)

LA-CR, Assistant 2241-2255 (Louisiana)

Lafferty, Sheila Gay (Louisiana)

Lamb, Andrew William (Louisiana)

Lammens, Philip R. (Louisiana)

Landreneau, Joseph P (Louisiana)

Larison, Josephine M (Louisiana)

Laroche, Matthew Joseph (Louisiana)

Layne, David A (Louisiana)

Lazarus, David G. (Louisiana)

Le, Cam T. (Louisiana)

Lear, Kevin Michael (Louisiana)

Leary, Scott F. (Louisiana)

Lee, Thomas C. (Louisiana)

Lee, Laurel Moore (Louisiana)

Lee, Ralph J. (Louisiana)

Lee, Bill Lann (Louisiana)

Lee, Janet Jin (Louisiana)

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Levin, Scott (Louisiana)

Lewis, Brian C. (Louisiana)

Lewis, Katherine L (Louisiana)

Lewis, Vernon L (Louisiana)

LIEBERMANN, EREZ (Louisiana)

Light, Sarah Elizabeth (Louisiana)

Lipe, Linda B. (Louisiana)

Litigation, Financial (Louisiana)

Lofton, James A (Louisiana)

Lombardi, Vincent T (Louisiana)

Lopez, Jonathan Errol (Louisiana)

Lowry, Jeffrey Matthew (Louisiana)

Lukas-Jackson, Jennifer A (Louisiana)

Macchiaverna, Elizabeth L. (Louisiana)

MacDonald, Casey Nicole (Louisiana)

Maderal, Francisco Raul (Louisiana)

Maffei, Michael R (Louisiana)

Magagna, Joan A. (Louisiana)

Magnani, Christopher (Louisiana)

Magnone, Rebecca (Louisiana)

Maimin, Rachel (Louisiana)

Maimin, Michael Douglas (Louisiana)

Mangan, Timothy S (Louisiana)

Mann, James Craig (Louisiana)

Manning, John J (Louisiana)

Manuelian, Christine (Louisiana)

Marando, Michael John (Louisiana)

Marangola, Melissa M. (Louisiana)

Marous, J. Michael (Louisiana)

Mars, Mitchell Allen (Louisiana)

Marshall, Laura Colombell (Louisiana)

Martikan, Owen Peter (Louisiana)

Martin, Brigid (Louisiana)

Martinez, Hugo Ricardo (Louisiana)

Martini, Joseph W. (Louisiana)

Marye, David A. (Louisiana)

Mastandrea-Miller, Angela (Louisiana)

Mc, US Pretrial (Louisiana)

McAlister, James Donald (Louisiana)

McAllen, X Case (Louisiana)

McBurney, Robert C. (Louisiana)

McCann, Douglas Edward (Louisiana)

Mccarthy, Shawn Daniel (Louisiana)

McCarthy, Brendan P. (Louisiana)

McCarthy, Emily H (Louisiana)

MCCARTNEY, MAUREEN (Louisiana)

McCaslin, Sharon (Louisiana)

McClellan, Jessica L. (Louisiana)

McCord, Stacey Elise (Louisiana)

McCord, Larry R. (Louisiana)

McCormack, Michael T. (Louisiana)

McCormick, Douglas F (Louisiana)

McCoy, Daniel J (Louisiana)

McCree, Cameron Charles (Louisiana)

McEntire, Brian Glen (Louisiana)

McGahan, Robert J (Louisiana)

McGee, Clyde McGee (Louisiana)

McGinley, Ian Patrick (Louisiana)

McGorty, Glen Garrett (Louisiana)

McGull, Abram McGull (Louisiana)

McGurk, Kenneth Charles (Louisiana)

McIntyre, Daniel Robert (Louisiana)

McMahon, James Franklin (Louisiana)

McQuaid, Nicholas Lloyd (Louisiana)

Mecklenburg, Sheri H. (Louisiana)

Meeks, J. Marcus (Louisiana)

Mehta, Jason Paul (Louisiana)

Meitl-DOJ, P.J. (Louisiana)

Melikian, Kenneth J. (Louisiana)

Mermelstein, Rebecca Gabrielle (Louisiana)

Metcalf, N. George (Louisiana)

Metcalfe, Robert D (Louisiana)

Middendorf, Jeffrey Thomas (Louisiana)

Miller, Stephen Wiley (Louisiana)

Miller, Ami Harshad (Louisiana)

MILLER, ANGELA HEWLETT (Louisiana)

Mims, Robert J. (Louisiana)

Minder, Mary Bridget (Louisiana)

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show all people

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

3:65-cv-11130

Docket

Dec. 1, 2008

Dec. 1, 2008

Docket

3:65-cv-11130

Docket

Johnson v. Jackson Parish

Dec. 18, 2018

Dec. 18, 2018

Docket

23173

Brief for the United States of America, Intervenor

Johnson and United States of America v. Jackson Parish School Board

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

April 25, 1966

April 25, 1966

Pleading / Motion / Brief

23345

23192

[Order]

United States of America v. Jefferson County Board of Education

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

Dec. 29, 1966

Dec. 29, 1966

Order/Opinion

23345

23192

23173

23331

23335

23274

23365

23253

23116

Opinion

United States of America v. Jefferson County Board of Education

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

March 29, 1967

March 29, 1967

Order/Opinion

26501

26544

26452

[Order]

Adams v. Mathews

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

Aug. 20, 1968

Aug. 20, 1968

Order/Opinion

09981

12924

[Order]

Conley v. Lake Charles School Board

Nov. 14, 1968

Nov. 14, 1968

Order/Opinion

02921

15556

[Order]

Hall v. St. Helena Parish School Board

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

May 28, 1969

May 28, 1969

Order/Opinion

28712

[Order]

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

Dec. 9, 1969

Dec. 9, 1969

Order/Opinion

28712

[Order]

U. S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

March 25, 1970

March 25, 1970

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4511179/johnson-v-jackson-parish/

Last updated Feb. 11, 2024, 3:03 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link

CASE Assigned to Judge Robert G James. (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 04/27/2009)

July 18, 2005

July 18, 2005

2

MEMORANDUM ORDER: The Court, upon its own motion, hereby AMENDS the standing Decree and amendments as stated in this Order. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 08/14/08. (NOTE: This entry is made on the paper docket sheet as well.)(crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 04/27/2009)

1 Searchable Copy of Opinion

View on PACER

Aug. 14, 2008

Aug. 14, 2008

RECAP
3

ANNUAL REPORT by School Board of Jackson Parish. (NOTE: This entry is made on the paper docket sheet as well.) (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 04/27/2009)

Oct. 10, 2008

Oct. 10, 2008

PACER
4

MINUTE ENTRY: The Court has reviewed the 3 Annual Report filed by School Board of Jackson Parish. Any party desiring a conference to discuss the status of the case or steps for achieving unitary status may file the appropriate motion. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 11/03/08. (NOTE: This entry is made on the paper docket sheet as well.)(crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 04/27/2009)

Nov. 4, 2008

Nov. 4, 2008

PACER
1

PAPER DOCKET SHEET of filings through 12/01/008. (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 04/27/2009)

Dec. 1, 2008

Dec. 1, 2008

PACER
5

STATUS REPORT October 15, 2009 Annual Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 09/28/2009)

1 Exhibit A

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2 Exhibit B

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Sept. 28, 2009

Sept. 28, 2009

PACER
6

MOTION for Clarification of Court Order by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits A-C, # 2 Memorandum / Brief)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified text on 10/1/2009 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 09/30/2009)

1 Exhibits A-C

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2 Memorandum / Brief

View on PACER

Sept. 30, 2009

Sept. 30, 2009

PACER
7

MOTION for Leave to File Memorandum by Bertha Robinson. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order, # 2 Proposed Pleading, # 3 Proposed Exhibit)(crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 10/16/2009)

1 Text of proposed order

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2 Proposed Pleading

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3 Proposed Exhibit

View on PACER

Oct. 15, 2009

Oct. 15, 2009

PACER
8

CONSENT to Exercise of Jurisdiction by US Magistrate Judge over 6 Motion for Clarification of Court Order by School Board of Jackson Parish, and USA. (crt,Crawford, A) Modified on 10/21/2009 to accurately reflect document filed(Crawford, A). (Entered: 10/20/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
9

FILED IN ERROR. ORDER REFERRING CASE to Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes for trial. Chief Judge Robert G James no longer assigned to case as presiding judge. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 10/20/09. (crt,Crawford, A) Modified on 10/21/2009 to indicate entry FILED IN ERROR(Crawford, A). (Entered: 10/20/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
10

ORDER granting 7 Motion for Leave to File Memorandum. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 10/20/09. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 10/20/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
11

RESPONSE to Motion re 6 MOTION for Clarification of Court Order filed by Bertha Robinson. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits)(crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 10/20/2009)

1 Exhibits

View on PACER

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
12

NOTICE of Corrective Action regarding 8 Consent to Trial Jurisdiction by US Magistrate Judge. Action taken: Docket text modified to more accurately reflect pleading filed. (crt,Crawford, A) Modified on 10/21/2009 to correct filing date(Crawford, A). (Entered: 10/21/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
13

NOTICE of Corrective Action regarding 9 Order Referring Case to Magistrate Judge. Action taken: Docket text modified to indicate order filed in error. (crt,Crawford, A) Modified on 10/21/2009 to correct filing date(Crawford, A). (Entered: 10/21/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
14

ORDER REFERRING MOTION: 6 MOTION for Clarification of Court Order filed by School Board of Jackson Parish. ADMINISTRATIVE ENTRY as pleading electronically filed as 9 Order. Motions referred to Karen L Hayes. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 10/20/09. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 10/21/2009)

Oct. 20, 2009

Oct. 20, 2009

PACER
15

STRICKEN DEFICIENT MOTION for Leave to File memo with consent sought but not obtained by Shirley McConnell. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Exhibits, # 2 Text of proposed order)(aty,Rountree, James) Modified to indicate pleading submitted is deficient on 10/21/2009 (Yocum, M). Modified on 11/16/2009 to add stricken text(Crawford, A). (Entered: 10/21/2009)

1 Exhibits

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2 Text of proposed order

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Oct. 21, 2009

Oct. 21, 2009

PACER
16

NOTICE of Deficiency to James A Rountree on behalf of Shirley McConnell regarding 15 MOTION for Leave to File memo with consent sought but not obtained. Reason: A motion for leave to file must be accompanied by the proposed pleading. The court will not act on such a motion without reviewing the document sought to be filed. (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 10/21/2009)

Oct. 21, 2009

Oct. 21, 2009

PACER
17

MEMORANDUM ORDER requesting the School Board file a copy of the order at issue, which it is now asking the court to clarify. Order due within next five business days. Once the order to be clarified is established, the court will likely require additional briefing and evidence. If the School Board fails to identify an order to be clarified, then the pending motion will be denied. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 10/22/09. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 10/22/2009)

Oct. 22, 2009

Oct. 22, 2009

PACER
19

MOTION FOR EXTENSION of Time to Fully Comply with Court's Order with consent sought but not obtained ; Response to Court's Order and Motion for Additional Time by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits A-E, # 2 Memorandum / Brief, # 3 Text of proposed order)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 10/29/2009)

1 Exhibits A-E

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2 Memorandum / Brief

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3 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

Oct. 29, 2009

Oct. 29, 2009

PACER
20

MINUTE ENTRY: re 5 Status Report filed by School Board of Jackson Parish. Having reviewed the annual report, the Court would like to discuss the possibility of the School Board moving toward unitary status and the termination of the litigation in this case. District Judge Status Conference set for 12/8/2009 at 1:00 PM in Monroe, 2nd floor before Chief Judge Robert G James. In addition to counsel, the Court requests the attendance of the Superintendent and the President of the School Board or his or her designee. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 11/12/09. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 11/12/2009)

Nov. 12, 2009

Nov. 12, 2009

PACER
21

MINUTE ENTRY: re 20 Minute Entry Setting Status Conference. The status conference set for December 8, 2009 is RESET for DECEMBER 1, 2009 at 1:00 P.M. In addition to counsel, the Court requests the attendance of the Superintendent and the President of the School Board or his or her designee. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 11/12/09. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 11/12/2009)

Nov. 12, 2009

Nov. 12, 2009

PACER
22

ELECTRONIC MINUTE ENTRY: The Status Conference is RESET for 12/14/2009 at 1:00 PM in Chambers before Chief Judge Robert G James. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 11/13/09. (crt,Floyd, J) (Entered: 11/13/2009)

Nov. 13, 2009

Nov. 13, 2009

PACER
23

ORDER TO STRIKE 15 MOTION for Leave to File memo with consent sought but not obtained. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 11/16/09. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 11/16/2009)

Nov. 16, 2009

Nov. 16, 2009

PACER
24

ORDER granting 19 Motion to Extend Time to obtain case files. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 11/18/09. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 11/18/2009)

Nov. 18, 2009

Nov. 18, 2009

PACER
25

ORDER that the attachments hereto are incorporated into this case. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the School Board file a memorandum and supporting evidence as outlined in this Order. 6 MOTION for Clarification of Court Order filed by School Board of Jackson Parish will be deemed submitted for decision after the filing of the memorandum and supporting evidence. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 12/7/09. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Exhibit D, # 5 Exhibit E)(crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 12/07/2009)

1 Exhibit A

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2 Exhibit B

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3 Exhibit C

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4 Exhibit D

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5 Exhibit E

View on PACER

Dec. 7, 2009

Dec. 7, 2009

PACER
26

MINUTES for proceedings held before Chief Judge Robert G James: STATUS CONFERENCE held on 12/14/2009. Following discussion with both parties, the Court finds it appropriate to ORDER, on its own motion, that the DOJ begin a unitary status review of this case. The DOJ will file a status report with the Court on March 26, 2010, indicating the DOJ's initial findings, any proposed actions, whether the parties have reached agreement on any or all proposed actions, and whether the School Board opposes any of DO findings or recommended actions. If the School Board wishes to file a memorandum in response to the DOJ's status report, it should do so no later than fourteen (14) days from the date the DOJ's status report is filed. The Court will await the filing of the DOJ's report before taking any further action. If the School Board and/or DOJ believe that the intervention of the Court is necessary or would be beneficial, they are advised to contact Chambers. ( Compliance Deadline set for 3/26/2010) (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 12/15/2009)

Dec. 14, 2009

Dec. 14, 2009

PACER
27

MEMORANDUM in Support re 6 MOTION for Clarification of Court Order filed by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 12/23/2009)

1 Exhibits

View on PACER

Dec. 23, 2009

Dec. 23, 2009

PACER
28

ORDER granting 6 Motion for Clarification of Court Order. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 1/7/10. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits) (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 01/07/2010)

1 Exhibits

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2 Searchable Copy of Opinion

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3 Searchable Copy of Opinion

View on PACER

Jan. 7, 2010

Jan. 7, 2010

RECAP
29

STATUS REPORT by USA. (aty,Taylor, Lisa) (Entered: 03/26/2010)

March 26, 2010

March 26, 2010

PACER
30

MINUTE ENTRY re 29 Status Report filed by USA. The Court has reviewed the status report filed by the DOJ on March 26, 2010. The DOJ is ordered to file a status report with the Court by August 2, 2010, indicating the DOJ's findings, any proposed actions, whether the parties have reached agreement on any or all proposed actions, and whether the Jackson parish School board opposes any of the DOJ's findings or recommended actions. If the School Board wishes to file a memorandum in response to the DOJ's status report, it should do so no later than fourteen (14) days from the date the DOJ's status report is filed ( Compliance Deadline set for 8/2/2010.). Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 4/14/10. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 04/14/2010)

April 14, 2010

April 14, 2010

PACER
31

MOTION FOR EXTENSION of Time to File Findings and Recommended Actions by USA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order)(aty,Taylor, Lisa) Modified text on 7/30/2010 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 07/30/2010)

1 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

July 30, 2010

July 30, 2010

PACER
32

ORDER granting 31 Motion to Extend. The United States shall file its findings and recommended actions no later than October 29, 2010. Jackson Parish School Board may file a response to the findings and recommended actions within fourteen days from the United States' filing. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 8/2/10. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 08/02/2010)

Aug. 2, 2010

Aug. 2, 2010

PACER
33

STATUS REPORT /Annual October 15th Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibits B-F)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 10/07/2010)

1 Exhibit A

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2 Exhibits B-F

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Oct. 7, 2010

Oct. 7, 2010

PACER
34

Second MOTION FOR EXTENSION of Time To File Findings and Recommended Actions with consent by USA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order)(aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 10/22/2010)

1 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

Oct. 22, 2010

Oct. 22, 2010

PACER
35

ORDER granting 34 Motion to Extend Time to File Findings and Recommended Actions. Compliance Deadline reset for 11/30/2010. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 10/28/10. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 10/28/2010)

Oct. 28, 2010

Oct. 28, 2010

PACER
36

STATUS REPORT and Request for Order by USA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order)(aty,Wilson, Ryan) Modified text on 11/30/2010 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 11/30/2010)

1 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

Nov. 30, 2010

Nov. 30, 2010

PACER
37

MINUTE ENTRY: re 36 Status Report filed by USA. District Judge Telephone Status Conference set for 12/2/2010 at 11:00 AM before Chief Judge Robert G James. Counsel for DOJ shall initiate the call and contact Chambers and the undersigned when all counsel are present. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 12/1/10. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 12/01/2010)

Dec. 1, 2010

Dec. 1, 2010

PACER
38

NOTICE of Appearance by Ryan Christopher Wilson on behalf of USA (aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 12/01/2010)

Dec. 1, 2010

Dec. 1, 2010

PACER
39

DUPLICATE RESPONSE by School Board of Jackson Parish to United States' Status Report and Request for Order. See resubmitted 40 Response with attachments (aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified text to indicate pleading was resubmitted in its entirety with attachments as Doc No 40 Response on 12/2/2010 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 12/01/2010)

Dec. 1, 2010

Dec. 1, 2010

PACER
40

RESPONSE by School Board of Jackson Parish to United States' 36 Status Report and Request for Order. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified text and docket entry relationship on 12/2/2010 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 12/01/2010)

1 Exhibits

View on PACER

Dec. 1, 2010

Dec. 1, 2010

PACER
41

MINUTES for proceedings held before Chief Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 12/2/2010 after reviewing DOJ's November 30, 2010 Status Report and Request for Order 36 . If any party has an objection to the Court's interpretation regarding the 8/20/1970 amendment to the desegregation decree and Singleton, it should file a memorandum no later than December 23, 2010 ( Compliance Deadline set for 12/23/2010). Finally, with regard to unitary status, Mr. Wilson will continue his document review and will file a report no later than April 15, 2011. If the School Board wishes to file a response to the report, it should do so within fourteen (14) days of the date the DOJ's report is filed ( Status Report due by 4/15/2011). (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 12/03/2010)

Dec. 2, 2010

Dec. 2, 2010

PACER
42

MOTION for Entry of Consent Order re 41 Telephone Conference by School Board of Jackson Parish and USA. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified filers and text on 1/13/2011 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 01/13/2011)

1 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

Jan. 13, 2011

Jan. 13, 2011

PACER
43

CONSENT ORDER granting 42 Motion for Entry of Consent Order. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 1/14/11. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 01/14/2011)

Jan. 14, 2011

Jan. 14, 2011

PACER
44

MOTION for Approval of Construction Projects by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum / Brief, # 2 Exhibits A-H)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 03/01/2011)

1 Memorandum / Brief

View on PACER

2 Exhibits A-H

View on PACER

March 1, 2011

March 1, 2011

PACER
45

Unopposed MOTION to Expedite consideration of 44 MOTION for Approval of Construction Projects by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Text of proposed order)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 03/01/2011)

1 Text of proposed order

View on PACER

March 1, 2011

March 1, 2011

PACER
46

RESPONSE to Motion re 44 MOTION for Approval of Construction Projects filed by USA. (aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 03/07/2011)

March 7, 2011

March 7, 2011

PACER
47

ORDER granting 44 Motion for Approval of Construction Projects; mooting 45 Motion to Expedite. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 03/08/11. (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 03/08/2011)

March 8, 2011

March 8, 2011

PACER
48

AMENDED ORDER re 47 Order on Motion for Miscellaneous Relief; Order on Motion to Expedite. Correction of the wording in the third sentence of the first paragraph to read "The DOJ notes that the district remains racially identifiable and, thus, the School Board should consider means of diversifying the schools". Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 3/9/11. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 03/09/2011)

March 9, 2011

March 9, 2011

PACER
49

First MOTION FOR EXTENSION of Deadline to File Status Report with consent of Jackson Parish School Board by USA. (aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 04/08/2011)

April 8, 2011

April 8, 2011

PACER
50

ORDER DENYING AS MOOT 49 Motion to Extend Time to File Status Report. The status report must be filed by april 15, 2011. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 4/14/11. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 04/14/2011)

April 14, 2011

April 14, 2011

PACER
51

STATUS REPORT by USA. (aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 04/15/2011)

April 15, 2011

April 15, 2011

PACER
52

RESPONSE by School Board of Jackson Parish re 51 Status Report. (aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 04/25/2011)

April 25, 2011

April 25, 2011

PACER
53

STATUS REPORT /Annual October 15th Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 10/19/2011)

1 Exhibit

View on PACER

Oct. 19, 2011

Oct. 19, 2011

PACER
54

MINUTE ENTRY: The Court first ordered the DOJ to begin a unitary status review in this case on December 14,2009. While the Court is aware of staff changes at DOJ since that time, the parties have now had two years to meet, confer, and establish a plan of action without Court involvement. Yet, no such plan has been presented to the Court, and it has been almost one year since DOJ has made any report to the Court. No later than March 30, 2012, the parties shall file (1)a joint proposed consent order on any unitary status issues which can be resolved and/or (2)a joint status report, identifying any remaining unitary status issues and requesting a hearing on those issues which cannot be resolved amicably. ( Compliance Deadline set for 3/30/2012). Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 2/8/12. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 02/08/2012)

Feb. 8, 2012

Feb. 8, 2012

PACER
55

STATUS REPORT - Joint Status Report by School Board of Jackson Parish, USA. (aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 03/30/2012)

March 30, 2012

March 30, 2012

PACER
56

MINUTE ENTRY. The Court approves the deadlines agreed to by the parties in their plan of action and sets a Telephone Status Conference for 6/4/2012 at 2:00 PM before Chief Judge Robert G James. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 4/4/12. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 04/04/2012)

April 4, 2012

April 4, 2012

PACER
57

MINUTE ENTRY: re 56 Minute Entry setting a status conference. The District Judge Status Conference is re-set for 6/4/2012 at 10:30 AM before Chief Judge Robert G James. Counsel should conference together and contact Chambers at (318)322-6230 when all counsel are present. Signed by Chief Judge Robert G James on 4/5/12. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 04/05/2012)

April 5, 2012

April 5, 2012

PACER
58

STATUS REPORT by School Board of Jackson Parish, USA. (aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 06/01/2012)

June 1, 2012

June 1, 2012

PACER
59

MINUTES for proceedings held before Chief Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 6/4/2012. In light of the parties' progress, the Court set a status conference for April 22,2013, at 9:00 a.m. The parties may participate in person or by telephone. The Court also set a hearing on any remaining unitary status issues for May 6, 2013, at 9:00 a.m. ( District Judge Miscellaneous Hearing set for 5/6/2013 at 9:00 AM in Monroe, 2nd floor before Chief Judge Robert G James. (District Judge Status Conference set for 4/22/2013 at 9:00 AM before Chief Judge Robert G James). (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 06/05/2012)

June 4, 2012

June 4, 2012

PACER
60

MINUTE ENTRY: The District Judge Telephone Status Conference is re-set for 4/12/2013 at 11:00 AM before Judge Robert G James. Counsel for DOJ shall initiate the call and contact Chambers when all counsel are present. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 3/18/13. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 03/19/2013)

March 19, 2013

March 19, 2013

PACER
61

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: STATUS CONFERENCE held on 4/12/2013. In light of this development, the Court continued the unitary status hearing, currently set for May 6, 2013 to September 16, 2013, at 9:00 am. No further continuances of the hearing will be granted. Another telephone status conference is set for June 3, 2013, at 2:00 p.m. Counsel for the School Board should arrange the conference call and notify the DOJ and the Court of the arrangements. The parties are still working toward an agreement on the factors of extracurricular activities, facilities, and transportation. On or before July 12, 2013, the parties will file a consent decree on these factors and/or will file a joint status report advising the Court which factor(s) will need to be addressed at the September 16, 2013 hearing. ( Status Report due by 7/12/2013. District Judge Miscellaneous Hearing set for 9/16/2013 at 9:00 AM in Monroe, 2nd floor before Judge Robert G James. District Judge Telephone Status Conference set for 6/3/2013 at 2:00 PM before Judge Robert G James). (crt,DickersonSld, D) Modified on 4/16/2013 to correct miscellaneous Haring date (DickersonSld, D). (Entered: 04/12/2013)

April 12, 2013

April 12, 2013

PACER
62

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: STATUS CONFERENCE held on 6/3/2013. The unitary status hearing is continued from September 16, 2013 to October 1, 2013 at 9:00 AM, before Judge James. The Court also extended the parties' deadline to July 26, 2013 to file a consent decree on the Green factors and/or file a joint status report advising the Court which factor(s) will need to be addressed at the hearing. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 06/03/2013)

June 3, 2013

June 3, 2013

PACER
63

DEFICIENT NOTICE of Appearance by Torey Brooks Cummings on behalf of USA (Attorney Torey Brooks Cummings added to party USA(pty:intvp)) (aty,Cummings, Torey) Modified to indicate pleading submitted is deficient on 7/2/2013 (Yocum, M). Modified to remove "?" text on 7/26/2013. See 65 Motion to Substitute Attorney. (Yocum, M) (Entered: 07/01/2013)

July 1, 2013

July 1, 2013

PACER
64

NOTICE of Deficiency to Torey Brooks Cummings on behalf of USA regarding 63 DEFICIENT ? Notice of Appearance. Reason: This party is already represented by other counsel. Please refer to provisions under LR83.2.12 regarding appearance of other counsel to ensure compliance with this rule. A motion to enroll as co-counsel or to substitute counsel (signed by the current counsel of record) is required to remedy this situation. (Please also refer to LR5.7.08 regarding electronic filing of documents requiring signatures of more than one party.). (crt,Yocum, M) (Entered: 07/02/2013)

July 2, 2013

July 2, 2013

PACER
65

MOTION to Substitute Attorney Torey B. Cummings in place of Ryan C. Wilson with consent by USA. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed order)(aty,Wilson, Ryan) (Entered: 07/17/2013)

1 Proposed order

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July 17, 2013

July 17, 2013

PACER
66

ORDER granting 65 Motion to Substitute Attorney. Attorney Torey B. Cummings is substituted as counsel of record for the United States, and Attorney Ryan Christopher Wilson is removed as counsel of record. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 7/18/13. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 07/18/2013)

July 18, 2013

July 18, 2013

PACER
67

FILED IN ERROR. COUNSEL REQUESTED TO RESUBMIT. JOINT STATUS REPORT by USA. (aty,Cummings, Torey) Modified text to indicate filed in error on 7/26/2013 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 07/25/2013)

July 25, 2013

July 25, 2013

PACER
68

FILED IN ERROR. COUNSEL REQUESTED TO RESUBMIT. PROPOSED ORDER/JUDGMENT Consent Order Granting Partial Unitary Status by School Board of Jackson Parish. (aty,Dill, Pamela) Modified text to indicate filed in error on 7/26/2013 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 07/25/2013)

July 25, 2013

July 25, 2013

PACER
69

PROPOSED ORDER/JUDGMENT - Proposed Consent Order Declaring Partial Unitary Status (revised) by School Board of Jackson Parish and USA. (aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified filers on 7/26/2013 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 07/26/2013)

July 26, 2013

July 26, 2013

PACER
70

CONSENT ORDER: The Court finds that the Jackson Parish School Board has, in good faith, maintained nondiscriminatory operations in the areas of facilities, transportation, and extracurricular activities for the requisite period. The Court further accepts and agrees with the conclusion that the School Board has achieved unitary status and is entitled to dismissal of the injunction entered in this case as to the areas of facilities, transportation and extracurricular activities. Therefore, the Court hereby declares that the Jackson Parish School Board has achieved unitary status in the areas of facilities, transportation, and extracurricular activities; and that the injunction and any other orders previously entered in this cause as to said areas are hereby dissolved. This order does not affect the continued judicial supervision over the remaining Green factor areas of student assignment, faculty and staff hiring and assignment. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 7/29/13. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 07/29/2013)

1 Searchable Copy of Opinion

View on PACER

July 29, 2013

July 29, 2013

RECAP
71

MINUTE ENTRY: The hearing, currently set for October 1, 2013, is CONTINUED WITHOUT DATE. A telephone status conference is set for December 2, 2013, at 1:00 p.m. Counsel for DOJ shall initiate the call and contact Chambers and the undersigned when all counsel are present ( District Judge telephone Status Conference set for 12/2/2013 at 1:00 PM before Judge Robert G James.). Signed by Judge Robert G James on 9/17/13. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 09/17/2013)

Sept. 17, 2013

Sept. 17, 2013

PACER
72

DEFICIENT STATUS REPORT - October 15th Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Ex 1-2) (aty,Dill, Pamela) Modified to indicate the pleading is deficient as e-filing attorney is not counsel of record on 10/17/2013 (Yocum, M). (Entered: 10/15/2013)

1 Ex 1-2

View on PACER

Oct. 15, 2013

Oct. 15, 2013

PACER
73

STATUS REPORT - October 15th Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Ex. 1-2) (aty,Hammonds, Robert) Modified text 10/17/2013. (Yocum, M). (Entered: 10/16/2013)

1 Ex. 1-2

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Oct. 16, 2013

Oct. 16, 2013

PACER
74

MOTION for Pamela Wescovich Dill to Enroll as Counsel by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed order)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 10/16/2013)

1 Proposed order

View on PACER

Oct. 16, 2013

Oct. 16, 2013

PACER
75

ORDER granting 74 Motion to Enroll as Counsel. Added as additional counsel Pamela Wescovich Dill for School Board of Jackson Parish. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 10/17/13. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 10/17/2013)

Oct. 17, 2013

Oct. 17, 2013

PACER
76

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 12/2/2013. In light of the parties' continued cooperation, the Court set another telephone status conference for March 4, 2014, at 10:00 a.m before Judge Robert G. James. Counsel should conference together and contact Chambers at (318)322-6230. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 12/02/2013)

Dec. 2, 2013

Dec. 2, 2013

PACER
77

MOTION to Continue Status Conference with consent by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed order)(aty,Dill, Pamela) (Entered: 02/28/2014)

1 Proposed order

View on PACER

Feb. 28, 2014

Feb. 28, 2014

PACER
78

ORDER granting 77 Motion to Continue Telephone Status Conference. District Judge Telephone Status Conference re-set for 4/7/2014 at 10:15 AM before Judge Robert G James. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 3/3/14. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 03/03/2014)

March 3, 2014

March 3, 2014

PACER
79

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 4/7/2014. In light of parties' continued cooperation, the Court set another telephone status conference for July 7, 2014, at 10:15 a.m. Counsel should conference together and contact Chambers at (318)322-6230. ( District Judge Telephone Status Conference set for 7/7/2014 at 10:15 AM before Judge Robert G James). (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 04/07/2014)

April 7, 2014

April 7, 2014

PACER
80

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 7/7/2014. In light of the parties' continued cooperation, the Court set another telephone status conference for 2/2/2015, at 10:15 AM, before Judge Robert G James. Counsel should conference together and contact Chambers at (318)322-6230. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 07/07/2014)

July 7, 2014

July 7, 2014

PACER
81

STATUS REPORT - Annual October 15th Report by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits 1-2)(aty,Dill, Pamela) (Entered: 10/14/2014)

1 Exhibits 1-2

View on PACER

Oct. 14, 2014

Oct. 14, 2014

PACER
82

ELECTRONIC MINUTE ENTRY: The Telephone Status Conference on 2/2/2015 which was previously set for 10:15 AM is RESET for 3:45 PM CST before Judge Robert G James. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 01/26/2015. (crt,Floyd, J) (Entered: 01/26/2015)

Jan. 26, 2015

Jan. 26, 2015

PACER
83

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 2/2/2015. Counsel for DOJ and the School board continue to work in good faith toward a resolution of the remaining unitary factors. the School board will meet in the near future and will consider the DOJ's proposals. The Court set another Telephone Conference for 4/13/2015 at 10:15 AM before Judge Robert G James. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 02/03/2015)

Feb. 2, 2015

Feb. 2, 2015

PACER
84

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 4/13/2015. Counsel for DOJ and the School board continue to work in good faith toward a resolution of the remaining unitary factors. The DOJ recently provided another proposal to the School Board, which will be reviewed by the School Board's demographer. The Court set another District Judge Telephone Status Conference for 6/11/2015 at 10:00 AM before Judge Robert G James. The Court will provide call-in information shortly before the conference. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 04/13/2015)

April 13, 2015

April 13, 2015

PACER
85

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 6/11/2015. Counsel reported that the DOJ's proposed zoning changes were provided to the School board and reviewed by the School Board's demographer. The School Board has also considered and proposed other possible remedial action to the DOJ and the Court. After some discussion, the Court requested that counsel consult with the School board about the implementation of some of the proposals during the next school year. The Court set an In Chambers Status Conference for 6/30/2015 at 1:30 p.m., U. S. Courthouse Monroe, 2nd floor before Judge Robert G James. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 06/12/2015)

June 11, 2015

June 11, 2015

PACER
86

MOTION Relative to Athletic Eligibility of Majority-to-Minority Transferees by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum / Brief, # 2 Proposed order)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 06/17/2015)

1 Memorandum / Brief

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2 Proposed order

View on PACER

June 17, 2015

June 17, 2015

PACER
87

ORDER granting 86 Motion Relative to Athletic Eligibility of Majority-to-Minority Transferees. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 6/22/15. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 06/22/2015)

June 22, 2015

June 22, 2015

PACER
88

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: IN CHAMBERS CONFERENCE held on 7/1/2015. A status conference was conducted by the undersigned in Chambers on June 30, 2015, at 1:20 p.m. Participating were Torey Cummings, counsel for United States Department of Justice (DOJ); Robert Hammonds, counsel for Jackson Parish School Board (School Board); Wayne Alford, Superintendent of Jackson Parish schools; and Kayla Dye May, Law Clerk. Counsel and the Superintendent discussed changes to the programming offered at the high schools in the District as a means of achieving desegregation and offered the Court a number of suggestions. The District intends to move forward with programming during this school year. Additionally, counsel intend to present the Court with joint proposed orders regarding the registration of students and the procedural for selection of administrators. They will also confer on possible actions with regard to the elementary and middle schools. The conference concluded at 2:30 p.m. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 07/01/2015)

July 1, 2015

July 1, 2015

PACER
89

Unopposed MOTION to Approve Agreed Order of Modification regarding student residency by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Agreed Order of Modification)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 08/28/2015)

1 Proposed Agreed Order of Modification

View on PACER

Aug. 28, 2015

Aug. 28, 2015

PACER
90

ORDER granting 89 Motion to Approve Agreed Order of Modification. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 8/31/15. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 08/31/2015)

Aug. 31, 2015

Aug. 31, 2015

PACER
91

MINUTE ENTRY: The Jackson Parish School Board shall file its annual status report no later than November 15, 2015. A telephone status conference is set for November 30, 2015, at 1:00 p.m. The Court will provide the telephone number and pass code to counsel before the date of the status conference. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 11/2/15. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 11/02/2015)

Nov. 2, 2015

Nov. 2, 2015

PACER
92

STATUS REPORT by School Board of Jackson Parish. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits 1-3)(aty,Hammonds, Robert) (Entered: 11/06/2015)

1 Exhibits 1-3

View on PACER

Nov. 6, 2015

Nov. 6, 2015

PACER
93

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 11/30/2015. After some discussion, the Court REFERRED this matter to Magistrate Judge Karen L. Hayes to conduct a mediation. Magistrate Judge Hayes will consult with counsel on a date for the mediation and any information to be submitted to her prior to mediation. In the event the parties are unable to reach agreement on the remaining issues, the Court will hold a unitary status hearing on April 5, 2016, at 9:00 a.m. in Monroe, 2nd floor before Judge Robert G James. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 12/04/2015)

Nov. 30, 2015

Nov. 30, 2015

PACER
94

ORDER FOR SETTLEMENT CONFERENCE: Settlement Conference set for 2/18/2016 at 9:30 AM in Monroe, 2nd floor before Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes. Written confidential settlement conference statements due by 2/13/16. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 12/11/15. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 12/11/2015)

Dec. 11, 2015

Dec. 11, 2015

PACER
95

ELECTRONIC MINUTE ENTRY resetting the Settlement Conference to begin on 2/25/2016 at 9:00 AM in Monroe, 2nd floor before Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes. Written confidential settlement conference statements due by 2/22/16. Signed by Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes on 2/11/16. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 02/11/2016)

Feb. 11, 2016

Feb. 11, 2016

PACER
96

ELECTRONIC MINUTES for proceedings held before Magistrate Judge Karen L Hayes: SETTLEMENT CONFERENCE held on 2/25/2016. Progress made. Parties were instructed to report status to the court in 30 days. (crt,Crawford, A) (Entered: 02/25/2016)

Feb. 25, 2016

Feb. 25, 2016

PACER
97

MINUTE ENTRY: re 93 Telephone Conference. The unitary status hearing set in this matter for April 5, 2016, at 9:00 a.m., is hereby CONVERTED to a telephone status conference and re-set for 1:30 p.m. on that same date. The Court will provide call-in information to counsel via email. At the conference, the Court will set a new date for the hearing to be held in April. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 3/29/16. (crt,DickersonSld, D) (Entered: 03/29/2016)

March 29, 2016

March 29, 2016

PACER
98

MINUTES for proceedings held before Judge Robert G James: TELEPHONE STATUS CONFERENCE held on 4/5/2016. The parties advised they have made progress and agreed to continue to work together. Another Telephone Status Conference was set for 4/21/2016 at 1:30 PM before Judge Robert G James. A hearing, if necessary, will be held on 5/17/2016 at 10:00 AM. (crt,Crawford, A) Modified on 5/5/2016 to correct telephone conference date to 4/5/16(DickersonSld, D). (Entered: 04/06/2016)

April 5, 2016

April 5, 2016

PACER
99

ELECTRONIC MINUTE ENTRY: The District Judge Telephone Conference which was previously set for 4/21/2016 at 1:30 PM is RESET for 12:00 NOON on the same date. Signed by Judge Robert G James on 04/21/2016. (crt,Floyd, J) (Entered: 04/21/2016)

April 21, 2016

April 21, 2016

PACER

~Util - Set Deadlines/Hearings AND Minute Entry

April 21, 2016

April 21, 2016

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: Louisiana

Case Type(s):

School Desegregation

Key Dates

Filing Date: June 2, 1965

Closing Date: 2018

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

African-American schoolchildren and the United States Department of Justice

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

U.S. Dept of Justice plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

U.S. Dept. of Justice Civil Rights Division

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Unknown

Class Action Outcome: Unknown

Defendants

Jackson Parish School Board, School District

Defendant Type(s):

Elementary/Secondary School

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Title VI, Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d et seq.

Constitutional Clause(s):

Equal Protection

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff

Nature of Relief:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Form of Settlement:

Court Approved Settlement or Consent Decree

Order Duration: 1965 - 2018

Content of Injunction:

Preliminary relief granted

Busing

Student assignment

Hire

Discrimination Prohibition

Reporting

Monitoring

Goals (e.g., for hiring, admissions)

Required disclosure

Issues

General:

Buildings

Education

Racial segregation

School/University Facilities

School/University policies

Staff (number, training, qualifications, wages)

Transportation

Discrimination-area:

Disparate Impact

Disparate Treatment

Discrimination-basis:

Race discrimination

Race:

Black

Type of Facility:

Government-run