Case: Abdi v. Wray

2:17-cv-00622 | U.S. District Court for the District of Utah

Filed Date: June 17, 2017

Closed Date: Jan. 6, 2020

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

This 2017 lawsuit challenged the FBI’s placement of a U.S. citizen on a terrorist watchlist; it was dismissed in 2019.The Terrorism Screening DataBase, also known as the “terrorist watchlist,” is maintained by the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC), a division of the National Security Branch of the FBI. The watchlist includes sub-lists--a No Fly List and a Selectee List. People on the No Fly List are not allowed to fly on American airplanes or flights into the US. People included on the Selectee …

This 2017 lawsuit challenged the FBI’s placement of a U.S. citizen on a terrorist watchlist; it was dismissed in 2019.

The Terrorism Screening DataBase, also known as the “terrorist watchlist,” is maintained by the Terrorist Screening Center (TSC), a division of the National Security Branch of the FBI. The watchlist includes sub-lists--a No Fly List and a Selectee List. People on the No Fly List are not allowed to fly on American airplanes or flights into the US. People included on the Selectee List are subject to additional screening by federal government officials at airports and land border crossings into the US. At airports, individuals on the Selectee List often have their boarding passes stamped with “SSSS” by airline agents.

In this case, the plaintiff claimed that he was subjected to extra security procedures at airports as early as 2014, perhaps because he was a cleric at his mosque (in Salt Lake City). The events more directly leading up to this litigation commenced in June 2017 when the plaintiff was denied boarding to a commercial flight bound for the U.S. by airport officials in Nairobi, Kenya. Though he was eventually allowed to board a flight the following day, he missed his connecting flight in Los Angeles because of a long screening process. The plaintiff flew domestically on three other instances in 2017 and each time the ticketing agent called the TSC and marked his boarding pass with the “SSSS” stamp. He filed this lawsuit on June 17, 2017, in the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah, alleging constitutional violations.

In a final amended complaint filed November 2017, the plaintiff sued the Directors of the FBI and TSC, the Administrator of the TSA, and the Commissioner of the National Counterterrorism Center, all in their official capacities.

Represented by attorneys from the Council on American Islamic Relations and private counsel, the lawsuit sought injunctive and declaratory relief based on four main claims. First, the plaintiff argued that his placement on the Selectee List violated his Fifth Amendment rights to procedural and substantive due process. Second, he asserted that his inclusion on the selectee list was an unlawful agency action in violation of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. §§702, 706). Third, he argued that his inclusion on the watchlist violated his Fifth Amendment Right to equal protection. Fourth, he urged that the Executive branch’s implementation of the terrorist watchlist amounted to a violation of the Constitution’s non-delegation doctrine.

The Defendants filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim and for lack of jurisdiction. In an order dated April 20, 2018, District Judge Dee Benson rejected the government’s jurisdictional arguments but granted its motion for failure to state a claim. For the procedural due process claim, Judge Benson found that the right to travel in a convenient or unimpeded fashion has not been recognized by the Supreme Court as a liberty interest protected by the Fifth Amendment and that the plaintiff failed to adequately allege reputational damage that satisfies a “stigma plus” standard. Judge Benson found the substantive due process claim unconvincing for similar reasons, writing that the plaintiff failed to provide case law supporting his contention that “freedom of movement” is protected by the Fifth Amendment. Likewise, because a constitutionally protected interest had not been identified by the plaintiff, the District Judge held that the APA claim similarly failed. For the equal protection claim, Judge Benson found that the plaintiff did not produce evidence of intentional discrimination against Muslims and refused to allow the claim to proceed on a disparate impact theory alone. Lastly, the non-delegation claim was dismissed because the Judge found that Congress charged the TSA with “overall responsibility for airline security” and that this is general policy establishes an “intelligible principle” that does not violate the doctrine of non-delegation. 2018 WL 1940411.

On appeal, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the dismissal of all claims in an opinion by Circuit Judge David Ebel. 942 F. 3d 1019 (Nov. 12, 2019).

Summary Authors

Esteban Woo Kee (6/17/2021)

Related Cases

Mohamed v. Holder, Eastern District of Virginia (2011)

Elhady v. Piehota, Eastern District of Virginia (2016)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/6076100/parties/adbi-v-mccabe/


Judge(s)

Benson, Dee Vance (Utah)

Ebel, David M. (Colorado)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Abbas, Gadeir Ibrahim (District of Columbia)

Homer, Carolyn M. (District of Columbia)

Attorney for Defendant

Bowen, Brigham J. (District of Columbia)

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Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

2:17-cv-00622

Docket [PACER]

Adbi v. McCabe

Jan. 6, 2020

Jan. 6, 2020

Docket
2

2:17-cv-00622

Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief

Abdi v. McCabe

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

Complaint
16

2:17-cv-00622

Second Amended Complaint for Injunctive and Declaratory Relief

Abdi v. McCabe

Nov. 10, 2017

Nov. 10, 2017

Complaint
35

2:17-cv-00622

Memorandum Decision and Order

April 20, 2018

April 20, 2018

Order/Opinion

2018 WL 2018

0:18-04078

Opinion

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

Nov. 12, 2019

Nov. 12, 2019

Order/Opinion

942 F.3d 942

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/6076100/adbi-v-mccabe/

Last updated March 21, 2024, 3:10 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

Case has been indexed and assigned to Judge Dee Benson. Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi is directed to E-File the Complaint and cover sheet (found under Complaints and Other Initiating Documents) and pay the filing fee of $ 400.00 by the end of the business day.NOTE: The court will not have jurisdiction until the opening document is electronically filed and the filing fee paid in the CM/ECF system. Civil Summons may be issued electronically. Prepare the summons using the courts PDF version and email it to utdecf_clerk@utd.uscourts.gov for issuance (alt) (Entered: 06/16/2017)

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

PACER
2

COMPLAINT against All Defendants (Filing fee $ 400, receipt number 1088-2777979) filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi. Assigned to Judge Dee Benson (McConkie, James) (Entered: 06/16/2017)

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

RECAP
3

Plaintiff's MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Memorandum in Support, MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order and Memorandum in Support filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 06/16/2017)

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

PACER
4

Plaintiff's MOTION for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Gadeir I. Abbas, Registration fee $ 250, receipt number 1088-2778203, filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order and Completed Application)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 06/16/2017)

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

PACER
5

Plaintiff's MOTION for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Lena F. Masri, Registration fee $ 250, receipt number 1088-2778207, filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order and Completed Application)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 06/16/2017)

June 16, 2017

June 16, 2017

PACER
6

RESPONSE to Motion re 3 Plaintiff's MOTION for Preliminary Injunction and Memorandum in Support MOTION for Temporary Restraining Order and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. Attorney Jeffrey E. Nelson added to party Huban A. Gowadia(pty:dft), Attorney Jeffrey E. Nelson added to party Kevin K. McAleenan(pty:dft), Attorney Jeffrey E. Nelson added to party Andrew McCabe(pty:dft), Attorney Jeffrey E. Nelson added to party Christopher M. Piehota(pty:dft), Attorney Jeffrey E. Nelson added to party Nicholas J. Rasmussen(pty:dft)(Nelson, Jeffrey) (Entered: 06/23/2017)

June 23, 2017

June 23, 2017

PACER
7

ORDER granting 4 Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Gadeir I. Abbas for Yussuf Awadir Adbi. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice may download a copy of the District of Utahs local rules from the courts web site at http://www.utd.uscourts.gov. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 6/26/2017. (blh) (Entered: 06/27/2017)

June 27, 2017

June 27, 2017

PACER
8

ORDER granting 5 Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Lena F. Masri for Yussuf Awadir Adbi. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice may download a copy of the District of Utahs local rules from the courts web site at http://www.utd.uscourts.gov. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 6/26/2017. (blh) (Entered: 06/27/2017)

June 27, 2017

June 27, 2017

PACER
9

NOTICE of Appearance by Brigham J. Bowen on behalf of Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen (Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 06/27/2017)

June 27, 2017

June 27, 2017

PACER
10

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Answer re 2 Complaint and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 08/14/2017)

Aug. 14, 2017

Aug. 14, 2017

PACER
11

ORDER granting 10 Motion for Extension of Time to Answer 2 Complaint. Answer deadline updated for Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. Answers due 10/16/2017. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 8/15/2017. (blh) (Entered: 08/15/2017)

Aug. 15, 2017

Aug. 15, 2017

PACER
12

NOTICE of Joint Notice of Proposed Briefing Schedule by Yussuf Awadir Adbi (McConkie, James) (Entered: 10/24/2017)

Oct. 24, 2017

Oct. 24, 2017

PACER
13

Joint MOTION for Extension of Time Joint Notice of Proposed Briefing Schedule filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 11/01/2017)

Nov. 1, 2017

Nov. 1, 2017

PACER
14

AMENDED COMPLAINT against All Defendants. filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Mohamed v. Holder, et al. (United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Case No. 11-cv-00050 (2011))., # 2 Exhibit 3 - Directorate of Terrorist Identities (DTI): Strategic Accomplishments 2013, # 3 Exhibit 4 - Department of Justice's March 2014 Audit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Management of Terrorist Watchlist, # 4 Exhibit 5 - Elhady, et al. v. Piehota, et al. (United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Case No. 1:16-cv-000375 (2017)).) (McConkie, James) (Entered: 11/03/2017)

Nov. 3, 2017

Nov. 3, 2017

PACER
15

EXHIBITS filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi re 14 Amended Complaint (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 2 - March 2013 Watchlisting Guidance) (McConkie, James) (Entered: 11/03/2017)

Nov. 3, 2017

Nov. 3, 2017

PACER
16

AMENDED COMPLAINT Second Amended Complaint against All Defendants with Jury Demand. filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1 - Mohamed v. Holder, et al. (United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Case No. 11-cv-00050 (2011))., # 2 Exhibit 2 - March 2013 Watchlisting Guidance, # 3 Exhibit 3 - Directorate of Terrorist Identities (DTI): Strategic Accomplishments 2013, # 4 Exhibit 4 - Department of Justice's March 2014 Audit of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Management of Terrorist Watchlist, # 5 Exhibit 5 - Elhady, et al. v. Piehota, et al. (United States District Court, Eastern District of Virginia, Case No. 1:16-cv-000375 (2017)).) (McConkie, James) (Entered: 11/10/2017)

1 Exhibit 1 - Mohamed v. Holder, et al. (United States District Court, Eastern Dis

View on PACER

2 Exhibit 2 - March 2013 Watchlisting Guidance

View on PACER

3 Exhibit 3 - Directorate of Terrorist Identities (DTI): Strategic Accomplishments

View on PACER

4 Exhibit 4 - Department of Justice's March 2014 Audit of the Federal Bureau

View on PACER

5 Exhibit 5 - Elhady, et al. v. Piehota, et al. (United States District Court, Eas

View on PACER

Nov. 10, 2017

Nov. 10, 2017

PACER
17

ORDER granting 13 Motion for Extension of Time re Briefing Schedule. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 11/13/2017. (blh) (Entered: 11/13/2017)

Nov. 13, 2017

Nov. 13, 2017

PACER
18

MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support, MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A - Mohamed v. Holder, No. 11-1924 (4th Cir. May 28, 2013))(Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 12/01/2017)

Dec. 1, 2017

Dec. 1, 2017

PACER
19

Joint MOTION for Extension of Time Plaintiffs deadline to file a response to Defendants Motion to Dismiss and Memorandum in Support filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order for Extension of Time)(McConkie, James) Modified on 12/27/2017 - modified event type to Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply(jwt). (Entered: 12/26/2017)

Dec. 26, 2017

Dec. 26, 2017

PACER
20

ORDER granting 19 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply re 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction. Responses due by 1/5/2018. Replies due by 1/24/2018. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 1/2/2018. (blh) (Entered: 01/02/2018)

Jan. 2, 2018

Jan. 2, 2018

PACER
21

Stipulated MOTION for Leave to File Excess Pages and Memorandum in Support filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order Regarding Stipulation to Extend Length of Response and Reply Memoranda)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 01/05/2018)

Jan. 5, 2018

Jan. 5, 2018

PACER
22

ORDER granting 21 Motion for Leave to File Excess Pages. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 1/5/2018. (blh) (Entered: 01/05/2018)

Jan. 5, 2018

Jan. 5, 2018

PACER
23

Plaintiff's MEMORANDUM in Opposition re 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (McConkie, James) (Entered: 01/05/2018)

Jan. 5, 2018

Jan. 5, 2018

RECAP
24

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 23 Memorandum in Opposition to Motion, 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 01/17/2018)

Jan. 17, 2018

Jan. 17, 2018

PACER
25

ORDER granting 24 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply re 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction. Replies due by 1/31/2018. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 1/17/2018. (blh) (Entered: 01/17/2018)

Jan. 17, 2018

Jan. 17, 2018

PACER
26

Consent MOTION for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply as to 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. (Attachments: # 1 Text of Proposed Order)(Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 01/26/2018)

Jan. 26, 2018

Jan. 26, 2018

PACER
27

ORDER granting 26 Motion for Extension of Time to File Response/Reply re 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM, MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction. Replies due by 2/7/2018. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 1/30/2018. (blh) (Entered: 01/30/2018)

Jan. 30, 2018

Jan. 30, 2018

PACER
28

REPLY to Response to Motion re 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support filed by Defendants Huban A. Gowadia, Kevin K. McAleenan, Andrew McCabe, Christopher M. Piehota, Nicholas J. Rasmussen. (Bowen, Brigham) (Entered: 02/07/2018)

Feb. 7, 2018

Feb. 7, 2018

RECAP
29

NOTICE OF HEARING ON MOTION re: 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support : (Notice generated by CHAMBERS) Motion Hearing set for 2/22/2018 at 02:30 PM in Rm 8.300 before Judge Dee Benson. (reb) (Entered: 02/09/2018)

Feb. 9, 2018

Feb. 9, 2018

PACER
30

NOTICE VACATING Motion to Dismiss HEARING set for Thursday 2/22/2018 at 2:30 p.m. before Judge Benson (Notice generated by CHAMBERS. This hearing will be reset. (reb) (Entered: 02/21/2018)

Feb. 21, 2018

Feb. 21, 2018

PACER
31

***AMENDED***NOTICE OF HEARING ON MOTION re: 18 MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO STATE A CLAIM and Memorandum in Support MOTION to Dismiss for Lack of Jurisdiction and Memorandum in Support : (Notice generated by CHAMBERS) Motion Hearing RESET FOR THURSDAY April 5, 2018 at 02:30 PM in Rm 8.300 before Judge Dee Benson. (reb) (Entered: 02/21/2018)

Feb. 21, 2018

Feb. 21, 2018

PACER
32

Plaintiff's MOTION for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Carolyn M. Homer, Registration fee $ 250, receipt number 1088-2949271, filed by Plaintiff Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice, # 2 Text of Proposed Order re Pro Hac Vice Admission)(McConkie, James) (Entered: 02/28/2018)

1 Exhibit Application for Admission Pro Hac Vice

View on PACER

2 Text of Proposed Order re Pro Hac Vice Admission

View on PACER

Feb. 28, 2018

Feb. 28, 2018

RECAP
33

ORDER granting 32 Motion for Admission Pro Hac Vice of Carolyn M. Homer for Yussuf Awadir Adbi. Attorneys admitted Pro Hac Vice may download a copy of the District of Utahs local rules from the courts web site at http://www.utd.uscourts.gov. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 2/28/2018. (blh) (Entered: 02/28/2018)

Feb. 28, 2018

Feb. 28, 2018

PACER
34

Minute Order. Proceedings held before Judge Dee Benson: Cnsl present. After arguments were heard and discussion held on 18 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim, Court takes the matter under advisement. Written Order to follow oral order: Yes. Attorney for Plaintiff: Gadeir I. Abbas, Lena F. Masri, James W. McConkie and Carolyn M. Homer, Attorney for Defendant Brigham J. Bowen and Jeffrey E. Nelson. Court Reporter: Ed Young. (reb) (Entered: 04/05/2018)

April 5, 2018

April 5, 2018

PACER
35

MEMORANDUM DECISION and ORDER granting 18 Defendants' Motion to Dismiss. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 4/20/2018. (blh) (Entered: 04/23/2018)

April 23, 2018

April 23, 2018

RECAP
36

JUDGMENT - It is ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Defendants' Motion to Dismiss is granted and the action is dismissed with prejudice. Case Closed. Signed by Judge Dee Benson on 4/30/2018. (blh) (Entered: 04/30/2018)

April 30, 2018

April 30, 2018

PACER
37

NOTICE OF APPEAL as to 36 Judgment filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi. Appeals to the USCA for the 10th Circuit. Filing fee $ 505, receipt number 1088-3012961. (Masri, Lena) (Entered: 05/29/2018)

May 29, 2018

May 29, 2018

PACER
38

Transmission of Preliminary Record to USCA re 37 Notice of Appeal as to 10th Circuit (Attachments: # 1 Appendix) (blh) (Entered: 05/29/2018)

May 29, 2018

May 29, 2018

PACER
39

USCA Case Number Case Appealed to USCA 10th Circuit. Case Number 18-4078 for 37 Notice of Appeal filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi. (jwt) (Entered: 05/30/2018)

May 30, 2018

May 30, 2018

PACER
40

Please be advised the Record is complete for purposes of appeal for USCA case number 18-4078 re 37 Notice of Appeal (blh) (Entered: 06/13/2018)

June 13, 2018

June 13, 2018

PACER
41

MANDATE of USCA as to 37 Notice of Appeal filed by Yussuf Awadir Adbi According to the USCA the Judgment of the USDC for the Dist of UT is Affrimed. Judgment included with mandate: Yes. (Attachments: # 1 Opinion, # 2 Mandate Letter)(jds) (Entered: 01/06/2020)

Jan. 6, 2020

Jan. 6, 2020

PACER

Case Details

State / Territory: Utah

Case Type(s):

National Security

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: June 17, 2017

Closing Date: Jan. 6, 2020

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

Plaintiff is a US citizen who was placed on the FBI's Terrorism Screening Database.

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Attorney Organizations:

Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR)

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: No

Class Action Outcome: Not sought

Defendants

Terrorism Screening Center, Federal

Transportation Security Administration, Federal

Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal

Customs and Border Protection, Federal

National Counterterrorism Center, Federal

Defendant Type(s):

Law-enforcement

Case Details

Causes of Action:

Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 551 et seq.

Ex parte Young (federal or state officials)

Constitutional Clause(s):

Due Process

Right to travel

Due Process: Procedural Due Process

Due Process: Substantive Due Process

Equal Protection

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Any published opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Defendant

Nature of Relief:

None

Source of Relief:

None

Issues

General:

Racial profiling

Terrorism/Post 9-11 issues

Watchlist

Discrimination-basis:

Race discrimination

Religion discrimination

Immigration/Border:

Constitutional rights

National Origin/Ethnicity:

Arab/Afgani/Middle Eastern