Case: Thuraissigiam v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security

3:18-cv-00135 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California

Filed Date: Jan. 19, 2018

Closed Date: Oct. 6, 2020

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Case Summary

This case, currently being heard by the U.S. Supreme Court, is about whether the Constitution requires that noncitizens facing "expedited removal" have access to any review by federal judges. The Department of Justice has taken the position before the Supreme Court that there is no constitutional right to any judicial review of any deportation order, because the Suspension Clause--which bars congressional suspension of access to the judicial writ of habeas corpus (that is, to judicial review)--…

On January 19, 2018, a Sri Lankan citizen--arrested after crossing the U.S.-Mexico border without documentation and placed in expedited removal proceedings--filed this suit in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. Represented by the ACLU, the plaintiff sued the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, several of its constituent agencies, and individual agency officials; he filed a habeas petition to challenge that the summary procedures leading to his expedited removal order violated his statutory, regulatory, and constitutional rights. He sought to vacate the removal order and requested relief in the form of a “new, meaningful opportunity to apply for asylum and other relief from removal.” Judge M. James Lorenz and Magistrate Judge Andrew G. Schopler were assigned to the case.

The plaintiff is a native of Sri Lanka and a Tamil, an ethnic minority group in Sri Lanka. The plaintiff fled Sri Lanka in 2016 and at some point ended up in Mexico. On February 17, 2017, the plaintiff crossed the border into the U.S., where he was arrested and placed in expedited removal proceedings. After the plaintiff indicated a fear of persecution in Sri Lanka, an asylum officer (employed by DHS) interviewed the plaintiff. The officer determined that the plaintiff had not established a credible fear of persecution. After a supervising officer and an immigration judge affirmed the officer's finding, the case was returned to DHS for the plaintiff's removal.

The plaintiff's petition asserted two causes of action. First, the plaintiff asserted that the credible fear screening deprived him of a right to apply for asylum, violating 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(1) and the international Convention Against Torture. Second, the plaintiff contended that the asylum officer and immigration judge violated due process by failing to provide the plaintiff with a meaningful opportunity to establish his claims. The core of the plaintiff's claim is that the government failed to follow the required procedures and apply the correct legal standards when evaluating his credible fear claim

On March 5, 2018, the defendants filed a Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, arguing that under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(e)(2)(B), federal courts are jurisdictionally barred from hearing direct challenges to expedited removal orders. Then, on March 7, 2018, the plaintiff filed an emergency motion for stay of removal, where he argued that the court does have jurisdiction to hear his petition under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(e)(2)(B) and to "review ... whether the negative credible fear determination was properly made." The plaintiff also asserted that the stay of removal was necessary because returning to Sri Lanka would expose him to extreme danger.

On March 7, 2018, Judge Lorenz recused himself and Judge Anthony J. Battaglia was randomly assigned to the case. On March 8, 2018, Judge Battaglia issued an order dismissing the case with prejudice for lack of jurisdiction, denying the plaintiff's emergency motion to stay removal proceedings, and denying the petitioner's ex parte application for temporary stay. Judge Battaglia reasoned that the clear reading of the applicable federal statute and consistent case law from the Ninth Circuit foreclosed the court's ability to analyze the removal order or review the credible fear determination that resulted in the plaintiff's removal order. The Ninth Circuit has held that the federal statute in question only allows the review of expedited removal orders explicitly enumerated in the statute. Thus, the court cannot broaden or expand the statute to include review based on the plaintiff's contentions. Judge Battaglia also held that the "statute’s 'strict restraints' on habeas review of expedited removal orders did not effectively suspend the writ of habeas corpus and were therefore constitutionally sound." 287 F. Supp. 3d 1077 (S.D. Cal. 2018).

On the same day, the plaintiff appealed the district court's dismissal and moved for a stay of removal pending appeal. On March 13, 2018, a Ninth Circuit motions panel initially denied the plaintiff's motion to stay removal. However, that decision was reversed on March 21, 2018, and the removal was stayed pending appeal.

On March 7, 2019, Judge Wallace Tashima of the Ninth Circuit issued an opinion reversing the district court's dismissal and remanded the case for further proceedings. Keeping in line with precedent, the appeals held that 8 U.S.C. § 1252(e) does not authorize jurisdiction to hear the plaintiff's petition. The appeals court then addressed whether the federal provision restricting habeas review violates the Suspension Clause (Article 1, § 9 of the Constitution, which mandates that "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it”). The court found that the statute, which prevents judicial review of whether DHS complied with procedures or applied the correct legal standards, did not satisfy the constitutional minimum that requires such review. Therefore, the court concluded that the expedited removal statute violated the Suspension Clause because it bars claims relating to a procedural error. Judge Tashima remanded proceedings to the district court to consider the plaintiff's legal challenges to the procedures that led to the removal order. 917 F.3d 1097.

On August 2, 2019, the defendants filed a petition for writ of certiorari to the U.S. Supreme Court. The petition was granted on October 18, 2019 and oral argument was held before the Supreme Court on March 2, 2020.

The Court issued an opinion on June 25, 2020. The Court held that (1) the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, in limiting habeas review in expedited-removal proceedings, does not violate the Suspension Clause because this interpretation of the writ would extend it far beyond the intended scope of the Constitution, and (2) the Sri Lankan plaintiff lacked the procedural due process right to judicial review of the adverse determination regarding whether or not he had a credible fear of persecution if sent home, as he was owed no additional processes than that dictated by the statute. Justice Alito authored the opinion which was joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justices Gorsuch and Kavanaugh. Justice Thomas authored a concurring opinion and Justices Breyer authored a separate concurrence, joined by Justice Ginsberg. Justices Sotomayor and Kagan dissented.

The Court reversed the Ninth Circuit's judgment and remanded the case with directions that the application for habeas corpus be dismissed. In accordance with this opinion, on August 12, 2020, the Ninth Circuit issued an order affirming the district court's dismissal of the petition for a writ of habeas corpus. Accordingly, on October 6, the Ninth Circuit issued a mandate regarding the dismissal. The case is now closed.

	Document
3:18-cv-00135	Docket	Jan. 24, 2020	Jan. 24, 2020 Docket
1 3:18-cv-00135	Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus	Jan. 19, 2018	Jan. 19, 2018 Pleading / Motion / Brief
55 3:18-cv-00135	Order	March 8, 2018	March 8, 2018 Order/Opinion 287 F.Supp.3d 1077
18-55313	Opinion U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit	March 7, 2019	March 7, 2019 Order/Opinion 917 F.3d 1097
3:18-cv-00135	Petition for a Writ of Certiorari Supreme Court of the United States	Aug. 1, 2019	Aug. 1, 2019 Pleading / Motion / Brief
3:18-cv-00135	Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus U.S. Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam	Aug. 2, 2019	Aug. 2, 2019 Other
19-00161	Brief in Opposition U.S. Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam Supreme Court of the United States	Sept. 4, 2019	Sept. 4, 2019 Pleading / Motion / Brief
19-00161	Brief for the United States U.S. Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam Supreme Court of the United States	Dec. 9, 2019	Dec. 9, 2019 Pleading / Motion / Brief
19-00161	Brief for Amici Curiae the States of Arizona, Alabama, Alaska, Arkansas, Indiana, Louisiana, Nebraska, South Carolina, South Dakota, ad Texas in Support of Petitioners U.S. Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam Supreme Court of the United States	Dec. 16, 2019	Dec. 16, 2019 Pleading / Motion / Brief
19-00161	Brief for Scholars of the Law of Habeas Corpus as Amici Curiae Supporting Respondent U.S. Department of Homeland Security v. Thuraissigiam Supreme Court of the United States	Jan. 22, 2020	Jan. 22, 2020 Pleading / Motion / Brief

ECF Number	Description	Date	Link Date / Link
1	Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus against Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement ( Filing fee $ 5 receipt number 0974-10828736.), filed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet)The new case number is 3:18-cv-135-L-AGS. Judge M. James Lorenz and Magistrate Judge Andrew G. Schopler are assigned to the case. (Wofsy, Cody) (lrc) Modified to remove screening text . (jao). (Entered: 01/19/2018)	Jan. 19, 2018	Jan. 19, 2018
2	Summons Issued. Counsel receiving this notice electronically should print this summons and serve it in accordance with Rule 4, Fed.R.Civ.P and LR 4.1. (lrc) (dsn) (jao). (Entered: 01/19/2018)	Jan. 19, 2018	Jan. 19, 2018
3	NOTICE of Appearance by John David Loy on behalf of Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam (Attachments: # 1 Proof of Service)(Loy, John)Attorney John David Loy added to party Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam(pty:pla) (dsn). (Entered: 01/31/2018)	Jan. 31, 2018	Jan. 31, 2018
4	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Kirtjen Nielsen served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
5	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Gregory Archambeault served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
6	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement served. (Wofsy, Cody)(dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
7	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Kevin K. McAleenan served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
8	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. U.S. Department of Homeland Security served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
9	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. U.S. Customs and Border Protection served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
10	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Thomas Homan served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
11	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Pete Flores served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
12	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. L. Francis Cissna served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
13	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services served. (Wofsy, Cody) (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
14	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Fred Figueroa served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
15	SUMMONS Returned Executed by Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam. Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III served. (Wofsy, Cody) (dsn). (Entered: 02/05/2018)	Feb. 5, 2018	Feb. 5, 2018
16	Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number 0974-10889082.)(Gelernt, Lee)(QC Mailer; missing signature.)(jrd). (Entered: 02/06/2018)	Feb. 6, 2018	Feb. 6, 2018
17	NOTICE of Appearance by Jennifer C. Newell on behalf of Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam (Newell, Jennifer)Attorney Jennifer C. Newell added to party Vijayakumar Thuraissigiam(pty:pet) (dsn). (Entered: 02/07/2018)	Feb. 7, 2018	Feb. 7, 2018
18	Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice (Filing fee received: $ 206 receipt number 0974-10889082 re: Doc. No. 16 ) (Gelernt, Lee)(jrd) (Entered: 02/08/2018)	Feb. 8, 2018	Feb. 8, 2018
19	NOTICE of Appearance by Joshua Samuel Press on behalf of Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Press, Joshua)Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Gregory Archambeault(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party L. Francis Cissna(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Fred Figueroa(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Pete Flores(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Thomas Homan(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Kevin K. McAleenan(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Kirtjen Nielsen(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party U.S. Customs and Border Protection(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party U.S. Department of Homeland Security(pty:dft), Attorney Joshua Samuel Press added to party U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement(pty:dft)(sjt). (Entered: 02/09/2018)	Feb. 9, 2018	Feb. 9, 2018
20	ORDER Approving the Pro Hac Vice Application of Lee Gelernt, re 18 Request to Appear Pro Hac Vice. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 2/12/2018.(kcm) (Entered: 02/13/2018)	Feb. 12, 2018	Feb. 12, 2018
21	Joint MOTION to Bifurcate Briefing of Respondents' Rule 12(b) Motion by Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Press, Joshua) (dsn). (Main Document 21 replaced on 2/26/2018) (anh). (Entered: 02/24/2018)	Feb. 24, 2018	Feb. 24, 2018
22	Notice of Document Discrepancies and Order Thereon by Judge M. James Lorenz Rejecting re 21 Joint MOTION to Bifurcate Briefing of Respondents' Rule 12(b) Motion. Non-compliance with local rule(s), CADS ECF Policies and Procedures §2(f)(4): no signature certification. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: The document is rejected. It is ordered that the Clerk STRIKE the document from the record, and serve a copy of this order on all parties. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 2/26/2018.(anh) (Additional attachment(s) added on 2/26/2018: # 1 Stricken Document) (anh). (Entered: 02/26/2018)	Feb. 26, 2018	Feb. 26, 2018
23	Joint MOTION to Bifurcate Briefing of Respondents' Rule 12(b) Motion by Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Press, Joshua) (anh). (Entered: 02/26/2018)	Feb. 26, 2018	Feb. 26, 2018
24	ORDER granting in part and denying in part 23 Motion to Bifurcate. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 2/27/2018. (anh) (Entered: 02/28/2018)	Feb. 27, 2018	Feb. 27, 2018 RECAP
25	MOTION to Dismiss by Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. (Attachments: # 1 Memo of Points and Authorities, # 2 Proof of Service)(Press, Joshua) (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
26	*STRIKEN PER ORDER 38 * MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 26 replaced on 3/6/2018) (mxn). Modified to strike and edit docket text on 3/6/2018 (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
27	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 27 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
28	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 28 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
29	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 29 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
30	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 30 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
31	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 31 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
32	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 32 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
33	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 33 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
34	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 34 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
35	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 35 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
36	[FILED AS SEALED DOCUMENT ON 3/7/2018] - SEALED LODGED Proposed Document re: 26 MOTION to File Documents Under Seal. Document to be filed by Clerk if Motion to Seal is granted. (Press, Joshua)(mxn). (Main Document 36 replaced on 3/7/2018) (mxn). Modified on 3/7/2018 to add file date of lodgment (mxn). (Entered: 03/05/2018)	March 5, 2018	March 5, 2018
37	Notice of Document Discrepancies and Order Thereon by Judge M. James Lorenz Accepting, from Defendants Gregory Archambeault, L. Francis Cissna, Fred Figueroa, Pete Flores, Thomas Homan, Kevin K. McAleenan, Kirtjen Nielsen, Jefferson Beauregard Sessions, III, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Non-compliance with local rule(s), Civ. L. R. 7.1.e.8 Missing notation Special Briefing Schedule in the caption.. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: The document is accepted despite the discrepancy noted above. Any further non-compliant documents may be stricken from the record. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 3/6/2018.(anh) (Entered: 03/06/2018)	March 6, 2018	March 6, 2018
38	Notice of Document Discrepancies and Order Thereon by Judge M. James Lorenz Rejecting, from Defendant Gregory Archambeault. Non-compliance with local rule(s), ECF §2.j. & j.1.b. - failure to properly serve opposing counsel with documents lodged under seal. IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: The document is rejected. It is ordered that the Clerk STRIKE the document from the record, and serve a copy of this order on all parties. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 3/6/2018.(mxn) (Additional attachment(s) added on 3/6/2018: # 1 Stricken Document) (mxn). (Entered: 03/06/2018)	March 6, 2018	March 6, 2018
39	MOTION to File Documents Under Seal (Press, Joshua) (Entered: 03/06/2018)	March 6, 2018	March 6, 2018
40	ORDER Granting 39 Motion to File Documents Under Seal. Signed by Judge M. James Lorenz on 3/7/2018. (mxn) (Entered: 03/07/2018)	March 7, 2018	March 7, 2018

Case: Thuraissigiam v. U.S. Department of Homeland Security

3:18-cv-00135 | U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California

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