On December 9, 2016, an army veteran filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against the Secretary of the Army for violating the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment and for violating the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. § 706). This veteran was deployed post-9/11 to Iraq and Afghanistan, suffered from service-related mental health issues, and was subsequently dismissed with less-than-Honorable discharges. The veteran, represented by the Veterans Legal Services Clinic and Jerome N. Frank Legal Services Organization at Yale Law School and the Connecticut Veterans Legal Center, sought equitable and injunctive relief and attorneys' fees and costs. He claimed that the Army failed to treat and accommodate his mental health conditions, which were a direct result from his service. He subsequently was charged with a variety of infractions, all related to his mental health issues, which led to a less-than-Honorable discharge. Now as a civilian, his less-than-Honorable status impedes his access to the very services and benefits normally available to veterans to enable them to heal their wounds and thrive in civilian life. The case was assigned to Judge Warren W. Eginton.
Approximately five months after the complaint was filed, he amended his complaint to bring a class action suit with an additional class representative. This representative brought the same claims as the original plaintiff with the added allegation of a violation of the Little Tucker Act, claiming that the military recouped her enlistment bonus without cause. Claims for military pay and allowances under $10,000 are actionable under the Little Tucker Act.
Upon discharge, military personnel receive a certificate that characterizes their service, which impacts their eligibility for various benefits and support services administered by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs ("VA"). The Army Discharge Review Board ("ADRB") was created by Congress specifically to address unjust and improper discharges. On September 3, 2014, then-Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel directed all records-correction boards to give "special consideration" to PTSD diagnoses and to consider PTSD and related conditions as "potential mitigating factors" for the misconduct that caused a discharge with "other than honorable conditions characterization of service." Plaintiffs alleged that the ADRB wrongfully denied their applications for discharge upgrades.
The veterans sought directives from the Court to ensure that the Army employs consistent standards in considering the effects of class members' PTSD when determining whether to upgrade their discharge statuses. They also sought individual statuses to be upgraded to "Honorable" to accurately reflect their service and to recoup any enlistment bonuses redacted in light of their less-than-Honorable discharge.
The Army filed a motion to dismiss the case in March 2017, which was dismissed one month later without prejudice. Three months later, in June 2017, the plaintiffs moved to certify their class; the motion was opposed and eventually dismissed without prejudice. Also in June, the Army filed an additional motion to dismiss or, alternatively, voluntary remand. The court denied the motion to dismiss but granted the voluntary remand that September. Judge Eginton reasoned that a voluntary remand would be the most efficient way for the two representative plaintiffs to have their discharge status corrected (he noted that he would "grant a voluntary remand only to the extent that defendant will revisit the original applications that are the subject of this litigation"), and would be a useful way to complete the record for their larger class action case.
In October, the second representative plaintiff's discharge status was upgraded to honorable, and the Army was prevented from recouping any of her enlistment bonus. The remand efforts for the first, original plaintiff experienced administrative issues and mistakes, delaying the review of his discharge application until March 2018.
On June 4, 2018, the Army filed another motion to dismiss and the veterans filed another motion to certify their class. The Judge granted the motion to certify in December, 2018, rejecting the Army's arguments regarding redressability, mootness, and exhaustion of administrative remedies, and certifying the class pursuant to FRCP 23. The class was certified as:
All Army, Army Reserve, and Army National Guard veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan era—the period between October 7, 2001 to present—who: - were discharged with a less-than-Honorable service characterization (this includes General and Other-than-Honorable discharges from the Army, Army Reserve, and Army National guard, but not Bad Conduct or Dishonorable discharges);
- have not received discharge upgrades to Honorable; and
- have diagnoses of PTSD or PTSD-related conditions or record documenting one or more symptoms of PTSD or PTSD-related conditions at the time of discharge attributable to their military service under the Hagel Memo standards of liberal and special consideration.
A few weeks later, on January 9, 2019, the Court rejected the army's motion to dismiss, citing the same reasoning discussed in his order certifying the class.
On March 6, 2019, the parties began to negotiate proposed discovery plans, and vigorously pursued discovery.
On November 12, 2019, this case was reassigned to Judge Charles S. Haight, Jr. It was then referred to Magistrate Judge Robert Spector on January 7, 2020, for the purpose of considering settlement by the parties; since then, the parties have participated in a series of settlement conferences. As of June 12, 2020, the latest settlement conference was held on June 1, 2020. This case is ongoing.
Elise Coletta - 03/14/2019
Bogyung Lim - 06/15/2020
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