On June 28, 2013, the United States Department of Health and Human Service issued final regulations--"the Mandate"--concerning the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. The regulations required health insurance plans to provide coverage of contraception and abortifacients, with an exemption for employee health plans offered by churches and their integrated auxiliaries, as well as an accommodation for employee health plans by certain qualified religious organizations.
Plaintiffs in this case were a non-profit, non-religious pro-life organization and its employees who shared the same opposition to abortion and coverage of contraception and abortifacients in the employee health plans. Some of the employees held a religious belief against the use of contraception and abortifacients.
The exemption promulgated by the Health Department did not extend to the plaintiff organization for its non-church, non-religious nature. As a result, the organization was unable to provide non-abortifacient health plans to employees without violating the Mandate. As it was also reluctant to drop all health insurance coverage for its employees, the plaintiffs commenced a lawsuit.
On July 7, 2014, the plaintiffs filed a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against three government agencies, namely the United States Department of Health and Human Services, the United States Department of Labor, and the United States Department of the Treasury, under the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 500 et seq., the Declaratory Judgment Act, 28 U.S.C. § 2201, and Religious Freedom Restoration Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000bb et seq. The plaintiffs, represented by public interest attorneys from Alliance Defending Freedom, sought declaratory and injunctive relief from the Court. They alleged that the Mandate unconstitutionally discriminated against the organization in light of the exemption and accommodation of certain similarly situated entities, and deprived its religious employees of the ability to choose non-abortifacient health plans. The plaintiffs claimed that the defendants violated the Religious Freedom Restoration Act as well as the Equal Protection and Free Exercise clauses in the Constitution of the United States.
On September 23, 2014, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief could be granted, or in the alternative, a motion for summary judgment.
On August 31, 2015, Judge Richard J. Leon granted summary judgment for the plaintiffs’ Equal Protection under the Fifth Amendment claim, Religious Freedom Restoration Act claim, and Administrative Procedure Act claim. He dismissed their Free Exercise claim. Judge Leon found that the Mandate violated the plaintiffs’ right to Equal Protection because it permitted accommodation to some groups but not theirs, although they had the same anti-abortionist beliefs. Turning to the plaintiffs' RFRA claim, Judge Leon found that, although the plaintiffs were a non-religious group, they still opposed the Mandate on religious grounds. He found the Mandate placed a substantial burden on the plaintiffs’ ability to exercise their religion and that the government’s interest was not sufficiently compelling and the mandate was not narrowly tailored. Judge Leon also dismissed the plaintiff’s Free Exercise claim because the Mandate was generally neutrally applicable. 128 F.Supp.3d 116.
On October 28, 2015, the defendants appealed to the D.C. Circuit. On February 24, 2016, the case was held in abeyance pending the Supreme Court’s decision in
Zubik v. Burwell. On May 16, 2016, the Supreme Court issued a per curiam order remanding
Zubik and other consolidated cases to their respective courts of appeals, ordering the lower courts to give the parties time to come to agreement on an approach that "accommodates petitioners’ religious exercise while at the same time ensuring that women covered by petitioners’ health plans 'receive full and equal health coverage, including contraceptive coverage.'" 136 S.Ct 1557, 1560. The Court took no position on the merits of this case.
On June 17, 2016, this case was ordered to remain in abeyance pending the D.C. Court of Appeals decision in Priests for Life v. HHS
See Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse summary.
Parties filed joint status reports on January 5, 2018, February 5, 2018, and March 7, 2018 stating the case remained in abeyance while the parties discussed the resolution of the appeal. On September 17, 2018, the D.C. Circuit granted the parties motion for voluntary dismissal of the appeal. 2018 WL 4871092.
Emma Bao - 09/30/2014
Taylor Brook - 03/08/2018
Claire Shimberg - 05/07/2020
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