Case: Dandridge v. Jefferson Parish School Board

2:64-cv-14801 | U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana

Filed Date: July 30, 1964

Closed Date: 2011

Clearinghouse coding complete

Case Summary

On July 30, 1964, a group of African American families filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. The plaintiffs included African American families whose children who were attending free public schools controlled by the Jefferson Parish School Board. The plaintiffs—represented by private attorney Gideon T. Carter, III, who specialized in civil rights and desegregation cases—sued the Jefferson Parish School Board and its agents under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Fo…

On July 30, 1964, a group of African American families filed this lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana. The plaintiffs included African American families whose children who were attending free public schools controlled by the Jefferson Parish School Board. The plaintiffs—represented by private attorney Gideon T. Carter, III, who specialized in civil rights and desegregation cases—sued the Jefferson Parish School Board and its agents under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. For more than ten years after Brown v. Board of Education was decided, the defendants had continued a compulsory bi-racial school system and assigned students and school personnel to schools based on race. The plaintiffs claimed that the defendants violated their rights under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and sought a preliminary and permanent injunction to prevent the defendant from segregating schools. Alternatively, the plaintiffs sought a decree requiring the defendants to present and initiate a plan to desegregate its schools.

Establishing a Consent Decree

During a hearing for the preliminary injunction in August 1964, the Court (Judge Herbert W. Christenberry) found that the plaintiffs were entitled to a preliminary injunction. Because the Court found that issuing the injunction for the 1964-1965 school year would cause serious disruption to the school system, it delayed the entry of the order until January 25, 1965. On that date the Court issued a preliminary injunction effective at the start of the 1965-1966 school year and ordered the defendants to submit a desegregation plan.

The defendants submitted a desegregation plan in March 1965. The plan integrated one to three grades each year, until it reached all grades in 1970. The plaintiffs objected to the plan, saying it should take at most until 1968 to achieve full integration. The court held a hearing on the plan in June 1965 and ordered the defendants to implement a plan that would achieve full integration by 1968 and allow students to assign themselves to a school (subject only to overcrowding).

Immediately after African American students were enrolled in formerly all-white schools, there were numerous incidents between African American and white students. The plaintiffs filed a motion for additional relief alleging that law enforcement failed to provide adequate protection to African American students. In particular, a group of thirty-six newly enrolled students had been prevented from entering their classroom by white students. The principal had ignored their attempt to report the incident and ordered them out of his office, then suspended the group of students for departing from the school without permission. On September 30, 1965, the court issued a Temporary Restraining Order requiring the school to reinstate the students immediately. The defendants moved to dissolve the Order, but both the District Court and the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals denied the request.

The parties continued to litigate for several years over the desegregation plan and the defendant’s compliance. On multiple occasions the Court granted motions to transfer students or to close schools and transfer the entire study body. Pursuant to the 1965 order, the defendants submitted a plan that would achieve full integration. The Court approved this plan on June 26, 1969.

In April 1971 the Supreme Court issued a decision in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education that upheld busing programs aimed to speed up the integration of public schools. In May 1971, the plaintiffs moved for further relief seeking a new desegregation plan pursuant to the holding in Swann and asking that the faculty of each school be integrated.

On July 9, 1971, the defendants submitted a follow-up plan that did not conform to the holding in Swann. While the Court had in 1966 declined to order desegregation of the busing system, in 1971 it found that the plaintiffs were entitled to further relief in light of the Supreme Court decision and refused to accept the defendants’ follow-up plan. The same day, the Court issued an order requiring that the defendants’ plan conform to the holding in Swann and requiring the defendants to integrate the faculty of each school such that the ratio of African American to white teachers in an individual school reflected the ratio of African American to white teachers in the school system as a whole.

The defendants submitted a new plan but presented evidence that instituting the new plan would be burdensome and cause some schools to be unable to begin the school year smoothly. On August 10, 1971, the Court adopted the plan submitted by the defendants, finding that the School Board’s concerns did not justify continuation of a less than unitary school system. 332. F. Supp. 590.

The defendants appealed to the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit seeking suspension and stay of the injunction pending appeal, but the Circuit Court denied the motion. The defendants then appealed to the Supreme Court seeking a stay of proceedings. The Supreme Court (Justice Marshall) denied certiorari, reasoning that the difficulties the parish would face in complying with the order were those normally incident to the transition to a unitary school system. The Court also noted its disapproval of the defendants’ efforts to drag the litigation out: “The schools involved have been mired in litigation for seven years. Whatever progress toward desegregation has been made apparently, and unfortunately, derives only from judicial action initiated by those persons situated as perpetual plaintiffs below. The rights of children to equal educational opportunities are not to be denied, even for a brief time, simply because a school board situates itself so as to make desegregation difficult.” 404 U.S. 1219.

On February 11, 1972, the Circuit Court affirmed the District Court’s decision from August 1971. The Circuit Court found that the 19 remaining one-race schools in Jefferson Parish were vestiges of former school segregation and that requiring the School Board to bus students was justified. 456 F.2d 552.

The 1971 plan was amended by consent decree in 1978 but otherwise remained in effect for many years.

Obtaining Unitary Status

In August 2006, a member of the School Board proposed a plan creating a “unitary” system that would end busing practices and allow children to attend schools closer to home, as well as a plan to seek federal grant money to overhaul low-performing schools. The proposal was met with strong resistance from critics who believed the plans would re-segregate schools, and the board member ultimately withdrew the proposal a few months later. However, the School Board still sought to convert four predominantly African American, low-performing schools into magnet schools in 2007 in the hopes of boosting academics and increasing school diversity.

On March 8, 2007, the parties filed a joint motion to supplement the desegregation plan to authorize the School District to use a magnet school program as a voluntary desegregation method. On the same day, the Court (Judge Jay C. Zainey) granted the motion and ordered the parties to file a report that identified which aspects of the school system remained segregated and what action was needed to desegregate them.

Judge Zainey then reassigned the case to Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt in February 2008.

The parties proceeded to file a proposed consent order addressing the requirements from the March 2007 order. On March 14, 2008, the Court approved portions and rejected other portions of the proposed order with instructions to revise it and report back to the Court. On May 14, 2008, a fairness hearing was held regarding the revised proposed order and the order was approved. That order excluded magnet schools and decreed that a new consent order for those schools be submitted. The amended Consent Order and corresponding plan required the School Board to modify attendance zones and upgrade facilities consistent with its desegregation obligations. The order was set to terminate on June 30, 2011.

The defendants submitted a plan for the magnet schools in October 2008 and requested approval of the magnet schools. The Magnet Plan sought to redraw the school attendance zones that had been approved by the Court on May 14, 2008. On January 5, 2009, the Court approved the motion for approval of new magnet schools but denied the Magnet Plan itself, finding that the defendants could not show that the proposed change in attendance zones would not lead to fewer desegregated schools. The defendants filed an amended plan and on January 29, 2009, after a fairness hearing on the amended Magnet Plan, the Court approved the plan.

After the Magnet Plan was implemented, disputes arose regarding the School Board’s compliance with the Consent Order. In particular, the Court found that inaccurate information may have been provided to some parents of students regarding the magnet school application procedures and ordered the School Board to eliminate the confusion. Furthermore, allegations arose in 2010 that qualified African American students had been denied admission to one of the magnet schools. Issues with irregularities in admission to magnet schools lessened after the School Board adopted written guidelines for assessing applications beginning in the 2010-2011 school year.

Before the Consent Order expired, the Plaintiffs moved to extend the Consent Order and moved for further remedies and specific performance. In particular, the Plaintiffs claimed that the defendants had failed to undertake corrective action for the 2011-2012 school year, that the defendants’ efforts to recruit African American students into magnet schools and other advanced programs was inadequate, that African American students were subject to disparate treatment under the school system’s disciplinary process, and that the defendants were using the Consent Order as a pretext to conceal attempts to continue a system of racially segregated schools.

The Court granted an extension, but before the Court decided on the other motions, the parties reached a final agreement. The parties conferred and worked to resolve remaining issues that prevented Jefferson Parish from achieving unitary status. According to the Final Settlement Agreement, the School Board would continue to implement several plans, including the creation of new magnet school programs and Academic Academies, school modifications, modification of attendance zones, operation of a Majority-to-Minority Transfer Program, and implementation of other special educational programs and services. The Agreement included all essential steps that the School Board would have to take to achieve and maintain unitary status. The agreement would remain in effect for three years. On August 2, 2011, the Court approved the final settlement agreement and declared Jefferson Parish School System unitary. No further activity appeared on the docket during the next three years, so the case is presumably now closed.

Even after the litigation ended and the agreement terminated, the Dandridge task force overseeing the implementation of the Agreement criticized the school system’s compliance. The parties entered into a voluntary agreement in 2015 in an attempt to institutionalize the practices that had been mandated by the court order.

Available Opinions

Dandridge v. Jefferson Par. Sch. Bd., 332 F. Supp. 590 (E.D. La. 1971), aff'd, 456 F.2d 552 (5th Cir. 1972).

Dandridge v. Jefferson Par. Sch. Bd., 404 U.S. 1219 (1971).

Dandridge v. Jefferson Par. Sch. Bd., 456 F.2d 552 (5th Cir. 1972).

Dandridge v. Jefferson Par. Sch. Bd., 249 F.R.D. 243 (E.D. La. 2008).

Summary Authors

Sara Stearns (4/18/2019)

People

For PACER's information on parties and their attorneys, see: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4815139/parties/dandridge-v-jefferson-parish-school-board/


Judge(s)

Christenberry, Herbert William (Louisiana)

Attorney for Plaintiff

Carter, Gideon T III (Louisiana)

Collins, Lionel R. (Louisiana)

Attorney for Defendant
Expert/Monitor/Master/Other

Barry, Denis A. (Louisiana)

Blue, George R. (Louisiana)

show all people

Documents in the Clearinghouse

Document

2:64-cv-14801

Docket

Feb. 22, 2008

Feb. 22, 2008

Docket

2:64-cv-14801

Docket

Aug. 2, 2011

Aug. 2, 2011

Docket
1

2:64-cv-14801

Complaint

July 31, 1964

July 31, 1964

Complaint
8

2:64-cv-14801

Preliminary Injunction

Jan. 25, 1965

Jan. 25, 1965

Order/Opinion
90

2:64-cv-14801

Order

July 9, 1971

July 9, 1971

Order/Opinion

332 F.Supp. 332

Opinion

Supreme Court of the United States

Aug. 30, 1971

Aug. 30, 1971

Order/Opinion

404 U.S. 404

71-02542

Opinion

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

Feb. 11, 1972

Feb. 11, 1972

Order/Opinion

456 F.2d 456

117

2:64-cv-14801

Agreed Order

March 8, 2007

March 8, 2007

Order/Opinion
137

2:64-cv-14801

Order and Reasons

March 13, 2008

March 13, 2008

Order/Opinion

249 F.R.D. 249

164

2:64-cv-14801

Consent Order

May 14, 2008

May 14, 2008

Order/Opinion

Docket

See docket on RECAP: https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/4815139/dandridge-v-jefferson-parish-school-board/

Last updated Feb. 13, 2024, 3:07 a.m.

ECF Number Description Date Link Date / Link
1

DOCKET SHEET of CA 14801, documents numbers 1−120. (cab) Additional attachment(Documents 1−120 have been added to the record) added on 3/18/2008 (cab, ). (Entered: 02/26/2008)

Feb. 22, 2008

Feb. 22, 2008

Clearinghouse
121

ORDER that this matter is reallotted to Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Signed by Judge Jay C. Zainey. (Originally dktd 2/22/08) (cab) (Entered: 02/26/2008)

Feb. 22, 2008

Feb. 22, 2008

132

Joint MOTION for Court Approval of Consent Order by Harold W. Porter, Moses Hill, Elmo Peters, August Edwards, Eli Jackson, Jefferson Parish School Board, Arthur Dandridge, Mary R. Landry and Hervert Pope. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Consent Order# 2 Exhibit Part 1 of 2# 3 Exhibit Part 2 of 2)(cab) (Entered: 03/12/2008)

Feb. 22, 2008

Feb. 22, 2008

122

ORDER that docket number CA 14801 has been changed to CA 64−14801. All submissions to this case shall be filed electronically. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 2/26/08.(cab) (Entered: 02/26/2008)

Feb. 26, 2008

Feb. 26, 2008

123

ORDER − Fairness Hearing set for 3/14/2008 09:00 AM before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 2/25/08.(cab) (Entered: 02/26/2008)

Feb. 26, 2008

Feb. 26, 2008

124

ORDERED that a telephone status conference is SET for Monday, March 10, 2008, at 10:00 a.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/5/08.(cab) (Entered: 03/05/2008)

March 5, 2008

March 5, 2008

125

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 3/10/2008. (cab) (Entered: 03/10/2008)

March 10, 2008

March 10, 2008

126

ORDER − On March 10, 2008, the Court held a telephone status conference with the following counsel participating: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. The fairness hearing, set for March 14, 2008, was discussed. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/10/08.(cab) (Entered: 03/10/2008)

March 10, 2008

March 10, 2008

128

MOTION for Leave to Intervene to Modify one paragraph in Proposed Consent Order by Jefferson Federation of Teachers. Motion Hearing set for 3/26/2008 09:30 AM before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support # 2 Notice of Hearing # 3 Proposed Order # 4 Proposed Pleading)(cab) (Entered: 03/11/2008)

March 10, 2008

March 10, 2008

129

MOTION to Intervene as Third−Party Plaintiff by Ronald Elder, Nicole Elder, Shane Granier and Angelle Granier. Motion Hearing set for 3/26/2008 09:30 AM before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. (Attachments: # 1 Statement of Counsel Notification# 2 Memorandum in Support # 3 Exhibit A − C# 4 Notice of Hearing)(cab) (Entered: 03/11/2008)

March 10, 2008

March 10, 2008

127

Request/Statement of Oral Argument by Jefferson Federation of Teachers regarding 128 MOTION to Intervene. (Samuel, Charles) Modified on 3/11/2008 to add linkage (cab, ). (Entered: 03/11/2008)

March 11, 2008

March 11, 2008

130

RESPONSE/MEMORANDUM in Opposition filed by all parties re 129 MOTION to Intervene as Third−Party Plaintiff . (Carter, Gideon) (Entered: 03/11/2008)

March 11, 2008

March 11, 2008

131

RESPONSE/MEMORANDUM in Opposition filed by Jefferson Parish School Board, Arthur Dandridge re 128 MOTION for Leave to Intervene to Modify one paragraph in Proposed Consent Order. (Patin, Charles) Modified on 3/13/2008 to edit linkage (cab, ). (Entered: 03/11/2008)

March 11, 2008

March 11, 2008

134

Request/Statement of Oral Argument by Ronald Elder, Nicole Elder, Shane Granier and Angelle Granier regarding 129 MOTION to Intervene. (cab) (Entered: 03/13/2008)

March 12, 2008

March 12, 2008

137

ORDER and REASONS - ORDERED that the Motion for Leave to Intervene to Modify One Paragraph in Proposed Consent Order Under F.R.C.P. Rule 24 by Jefferson Federation of Teachers 128 is hereby DENIED without prejudice to the right of the Union to re-u rge this motion if this matter is later placed on the Court's trial docket. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion to Intervene as Third-Party Plaintiff 129 is hereby DENIED without prejudice to the right of the parents to re-urge this motion if this matter is later placed on the Court's trial docket. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/13/08. (cab)

March 13, 2008

March 13, 2008

Clearinghouse
133

ORDERED that a telephone status conference is SET for Thursday, March 13, 2008, at 9:30 a.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/12/08.(cab) (Entered: 03/13/2008)

March 13, 2008

March 13, 2008

136

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 3/13/2008. (cab) (Entered: 03/13/2008)

March 13, 2008

March 13, 2008

138

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : In Chambers Conference held on 3/14/2008. ORDERED that Paragraph F of the Order signed herein on March 8, 2007, which addressed magnet school attendance zones, is VACATED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Joint Motion for Court Approval of Consent Order 132 is hereby DENIED (Court Reporter Jodi Simcox.) (cab) (Entered: 03/18/2008)

March 14, 2008

March 14, 2008

139

ORDER − Upon the request of counsel, IT IS ORDERED that a status conference will be held in chambers on Monday, March 31, 2008 at 9:00 a.m.. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/25/08.(cab) (Entered: 03/26/2008)

March 25, 2008

March 25, 2008

140

EXPARTE/CONSENT Joint MOTION for Clarification of Judgment by Jefferson Parish School Board and Arthur Dandridge. (Grant, Jack) Modified on 4/1/2008 to edit text (cab, ). (Entered: 03/31/2008)

March 31, 2008

March 31, 2008

141

ORDER − On March 31, 2008, the Court held a status conference in chambers, with the following counsel present: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/31/08.(cab) (Entered: 03/31/2008)

March 31, 2008

March 31, 2008

142

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 3/31/2008. (cab) (Entered: 03/31/2008)

March 31, 2008

March 31, 2008

143

EXPARTE/CONSENT Joint MOTION for Extension of Time to File motion for reconsideration under Rule 59(c) by Jefferson Parish School Board, Arthur Dandridge. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Grant, Jack) (Entered: 03/31/2008)

March 31, 2008

March 31, 2008

144

ORDER granting 143 Motion for Extension of Time to File Motion for Reconsideration under Rule 59(c) as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/1/08. (cab) (Entered: 04/01/2008)

April 1, 2008

April 1, 2008

145

ORDER on 140 Joint MOTION for Clarification of Judgment filed by Arthur Dandridge and Jefferson Parish School Board. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/7/08. (Attachments: # 1 Transcript)(cab) (Entered: 04/07/2008)

April 7, 2008

April 7, 2008

146

Third Party MOTION to Intervene by Jefferson Federation of Teachers. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Intervention# 2 Memorandum in Support # 3 Appendix # 4 Appendix # 5 Notice of Hearing # 6 Supplement Request for Oral Argument# 7 Proposed Order)(Samuel, Charles) (Entered: 04/14/2008)

April 14, 2008

April 14, 2008

147

ORDER − On April 15, 2008, the Court held a status conference in chambers, with the following counsel present: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/15/08.(cab) (Entered: 04/15/2008)

April 15, 2008

April 15, 2008

148

ORDERED that the Motion of Jefferson Federation of Teachers for Leave to Intervene as Third−Party Plaintiffs Under F.R.C.P. Rule 24 146 is DENIED. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/15/08. (cab) (Entered: 04/15/2008)

April 15, 2008

April 15, 2008

149

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 4/15/2008. (cab) (Entered: 04/17/2008)

April 15, 2008

April 15, 2008

150

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 4/16/2008. (cab) (Entered: 04/17/2008)

April 16, 2008

April 16, 2008

152

Third Party MOTION to Intervene by Jefferson Federation of Teachers. Motion Hearing set for 5/21/2008 09:30 AM before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. (Attachments: # 1 Supplement Intervention# 2 Memorandum in Support# 3 Supplement Appendix B# 4 Appendix Appendix C,D,E# 5 Notice of Hearing)(Samuel, Charles) Modified on 4/22/2008 to edit text (cab, ). (Entered: 04/21/2008)

April 21, 2008

April 21, 2008

153

Request/Statement of Oral Argument by Jefferson Federation of Teachers regarding 152 Third Party MOTION to Intervene. (cab) (Entered: 04/22/2008)

April 21, 2008

April 21, 2008

154

Correction of Docket Entry by Clerk re 152 Third Party MOTION to Intervene; Filing attorney incorrectly changed 'N' to 'Y' at the question 'Is this motion to be decided by the Magistrate Judge Y/N?'. This motion will be decided by the district judge. Also, attachments have duplicate descriptions. Filing attorney must select either a category OR enter a description when attaching documents to the main document. Clerk took corrective action. (cab) (Entered: 04/22/2008)

April 22, 2008

April 22, 2008

155

ORDER − On April 22, 2008, the Court held a status conference in chambers, with the following counsel present: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. During the conference, the Court ORDERED that a telephone status conference is SET for Thursday, May 8, 2008 at 9:30 a.m. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/22/08.(cab) (Entered: 04/22/2008)

April 22, 2008

April 22, 2008

156

ORDERED that the Motion of Jefferson Federation of Teachers for Leave to Intervene as Third−Party Plaintiff Under F.R.C.P. Rule 24 152 is DENIED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that any more requests to intervene filed in contravention of the foregoing will result in SANCTIONS being imposed upon Movant and its counsel, pursuant to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/22/08. (cab) (Entered: 04/23/2008)

April 22, 2008

April 22, 2008

157

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 4/22/2008. (cab) (Entered: 04/23/2008)

April 22, 2008

April 22, 2008

158

EXPARTE/CONSENT Joint MOTION for Court Approval of Consent Order by Jefferson Parish School Board and Arthur Dandridge. (Attachments: # 1Proposed Order# 2Proposed Consent Order# 3Exhibit# 4 Exhibit#(5) Exhibit# 6 Exhibit)(Grant, Jack) Modified on 4/25/2008 to edit text and add exparte (cab, ). (Entered: 04/24/2008)

April 24, 2008

April 24, 2008

159

Correction of Docket Entry by Clerk re 158 Joint MOTION for Court Approval of Consent Order; Filing attorney should have changed 'N' to 'Y' at the question 'Is this an Exparte/Consent Motion Y/N?' before clicking the Next button. Clerk modified docket text to reflect 'Exparte'. Also, attachments were not described. Filing attorney must select either a category or enter a description when attaching documents to the main document. Clerk took corrective action. (cab) (Entered: 04/25/2008)

April 25, 2008

April 25, 2008

160

ORDER re 158 Joint MOTION for Court Approval of Consent Order filed by Arthur Dandridge and Jefferson Parish School Board : ORDERED that a fairness hearing is hereby SET on May 14, 2008 at 9:00 a.m. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/25/08.(cab) (Entered: 04/28/2008)

April 28, 2008

April 28, 2008

161

ORDERED that the telephone status conference previously set for Thursday, May 8, 2008, at 9:30 a.m. is CHANGED to Thursday, May 8, 2008, at 10:30 a.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 4/30/08.(cab) (Entered: 05/01/2008)

April 30, 2008

April 30, 2008

162

ORDER − On May 8, 2008, the Court held a telephone status conference, with the following counsel participating: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 5/8/08.(cab) (Entered: 05/08/2008)

May 8, 2008

May 8, 2008

165

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Status Conference held on 5/8/2008. (cab) (Entered: 05/16/2008)

May 8, 2008

May 8, 2008

163

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt : Fairness Hearing held on 5/14/2008. (Court Reporter Jodi Simcox.) (cab) (Entered: 05/15/2008)

May 14, 2008

May 14, 2008

166

ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE as to Jefferson Parish School Board. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 5/27/08. (Attachments: # 1 Transfer Request Form)(cab) (Entered: 05/27/2008)

May 27, 2008

May 27, 2008

167

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board to 166 Order to Show Cause (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit (s) A & B)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 06/04/2008)

June 4, 2008

June 4, 2008

168

ORDER − Considering Paragraph 5 of the Consent Order entered herein on May 14, 2008, IT IS ORDERED that as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/5/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/05/2008)

June 5, 2008

June 5, 2008

169

ORDERED that, although this Court's "Order to Show Cause" of May 27, 2008 is deemed satisfied, the defendant JPSB, members of the JPSB, and administrators of the Jefferson Parish school system, are cautioned that any invocation of the authority of this Court's Consent Order be careful and accurate as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/6/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/06/2008)

June 6, 2008

June 6, 2008

170

ORDERED that a telephone conference is SET for Monday, June 9, 2008, at 9:00 a.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/6/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/06/2008)

June 6, 2008

June 6, 2008

171

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: Status Conference held on 6/9/2008. (cab) (Entered: 06/09/2008)

June 9, 2008

June 9, 2008

172

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board, Arthur Dandridge to 164 Order , Letter to Judge to Nominate Three (3) Monitors per Paragraph 33 of Order (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Bartz Vita, # 2 Exhibit Stevens Resume, # 3 Exhibit Chenevert Resume)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 06/09/2008)

June 9, 2008

June 9, 2008

173

ORDER − On June 9, 2008, the Court held a telephone status conference, with the following counsel participating: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/9/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/09/2008)

June 9, 2008

June 9, 2008

174

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board, Arthur Dandridge to 168 Order Response to Court Order dated 6−5−08 (Attachments: # 1 Verification of K. Labruzzo, # 2 Chart 1, Magnet Ethnicity, # 3 Verification of R. Ceruti, # 4 Chart 2, Magnet Faculty, # 5 Chart 3, JPPSS Ethnicity)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 06/20/2008)

June 20, 2008

June 20, 2008

175

ORDER: Telephone Status Conference set for 6/30/2008 09:30 AM before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/26/08.(sek, ) (Entered: 06/26/2008)

June 26, 2008

June 26, 2008

176

ORDER − On June 30, 2008, the Court held a telephone status conference, with the following counsel participating: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/30/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/30/2008)

June 30, 2008

June 30, 2008

177

ORDER − Considering this Courts Order of June 5, 2008, and the submissions made by the parties on June 20, 2008, IT IS ORDERED that the parties supplement these responses to provide the following additional information and documentation on or before July 28, 2008 as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/30/08.(cab) (Entered: 06/30/2008)

June 30, 2008

June 30, 2008

178

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: Status Conference held on 6/30/2008. (cab) (Entered: 06/30/2008)

June 30, 2008

June 30, 2008

179

TRANSCRIPT of excerpt of Fairness Hearing held on March 14, 2008 before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Court Reporter/Recorder Jodi Simcox, Telephone number (504) 589−7780. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Recorder before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Parties have 21 days from the filing of this transcript to file with the Court a Redaction Request. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 10/1/2008. (clu, ) Modified docket text on 7/8/2008 (jtd). (Entered: 07/03/2008)

July 3, 2008

July 3, 2008

180

ORDER − The Court has considered the three names submitted by the parties as possible selections for the position of Monitor, as well as other qualified individuals who might serve in this capacity. IT IS ORDERED that Mr. Kelly Frels is hereby APPOINTED as the Monitor charged with coordinating and overseeing the implementation of this Consent Order. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Mr. Frels and the parties shall immediately commence discussions relative to the creation and implementation of a contract of hire to be completed by Friday, August 29, 2008, pursuant to Paragraphs 32−33 of the Consent Order 164 . Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/7/08.(cab) (Entered: 07/08/2008)

July 8, 2008

July 8, 2008

181

ORDER − On July 7, 2008, this Court entered an Order appointing Mr. Kelly Frels as the Monitor charged with coordinating and overseeing the implementation of this Consent Order 180 . Accordingly, IT IS ORDERED that the Clerks Office shall add Mr. Frels to the docket sheet as an interested party, and shall copy Mr. Frels on all filings made into the record herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/14/08.(cab) (Entered: 07/14/2008)

July 14, 2008

July 14, 2008

182

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION for Court Approval of New Magnet Programs by Jefferson Parish School Board. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 07/17/2008)

July 17, 2008

July 17, 2008

183

ORDER − On July 22, 2008, the Court held a telephone status conference, with the following counsel participating: Gideon T. Carter, III, Charles L. Patin, Jr., and Jack A. Grant. During the conference, the Court ORDERED as follows as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/22/08.(cab) (Entered: 07/23/2008)

July 22, 2008

July 22, 2008

184

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: Telephone Conference held on 7/22/2008. (cab) (Entered: 07/23/2008)

July 22, 2008

July 22, 2008

185

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board to 177 Order, of 6/30/08 (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service, # 2 Exhibit A, # 3 Exhibit A−1, # 4 Exhibit B, # 5 Exhibit B−1, # 6 Exhibit C, # 7 Exhibit C−1)(Grant, Jack) Modified on 7/29/2008 to edit text (cab). (Entered: 07/28/2008)

July 28, 2008

July 28, 2008

186

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board to 164 Order Submission of Advanced Studies Magnet Plan Pursuant to Paragraph 6 of Consent Order dated May 14, 2008 (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 10/30/2008)

Oct. 30, 2008

Oct. 30, 2008

187

ORDER − Considering the Motion for Court Approval of New Magnet Programs 182 , IT IS ORDERED that a fairness hearing is hereby SET for Friday, December 12, 2008 at 9:00 a.m. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 11/3/08.(cab) (Entered: 11/04/2008)

Nov. 3, 2008

Nov. 3, 2008

188

Minute Order. Proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: Motion Hearing held on 12/12/2008 re 182 MOTION for Court Approval of New Magnet Programs filed by Jefferson Parish School Board. Counsel shall submit to the Court within 10 days, information regarding the effect of the plan on racial breakdown of neighboring schools. Matter SUBMITTED. (Court Reporter Karen Ibos.) (Attachments: # 1 Exhibits) (gec, ) (Entered: 12/12/2008)

Dec. 12, 2008

Dec. 12, 2008

189

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION Supplement Hearing Record by Jefferson Parish School Board. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit #18 − Proposed New Districts, # 2 Exhibit #19 − Hazel Park Special Education Numbers, # 3 Exhibit #20 − Affidavit of Richard Carpenter, Depty Supt.)(Patin, Charles) (Additional attachment(s) added on 12/19/2008: # 4 Exhibit 19 − Hazel Park Special Education Numbers, # 5 Exhibit 20 − Affidavit of Richard Carpenter) (cab). (Entered: 12/18/2008)

Dec. 18, 2008

Dec. 18, 2008

190

ORDER and REASONS - Before the Court are two motions: the "Advanced Studies Magnet Plan" 186 (hereinafter "Magnet Plan") and the the Motion for Approval of New Magnet Programs 182 (hereinafter "New Magnet Programs Motion& quot;), both submitted by the Jefferson Parish School Board ("JPSB"). IT IS ORDERED that the Motion for Approval of New Magnet Programs 182 is GRANTED. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Motion for Approval of the Advanced Magnet Studies Plan 186 is hereby DENIED as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/5/09. (cab) Modified on 1/5/2009 to edit document type (cab).

Jan. 5, 2009

Jan. 5, 2009

RECAP
191

TRANSCRIPT of Fairness Hearing held on December 12, 2008 before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Court Reporter/Recorder Karen Ibos, Telephone number (504) 589−7776. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Recorder before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Parties have 21 days from the filing of this transcript to file with the Court a Redaction Request. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 4/7/2009. (clu, ) (Entered: 01/07/2009)

Jan. 7, 2009

Jan. 7, 2009

192

ORDER granting 189 Motion to Supplement Hearing Record by Jefferson Parish School Board. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/6/09. (Exhibits attached to doc #189) (cab) (Entered: 01/07/2009)

Jan. 7, 2009

Jan. 7, 2009

193

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board to 190 Order on Motion Unopposed Submission of West Bank Advanced Studies Magnet Plan and Request for Expedited Consideration (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles) Modified on 1/14/2009 to edit text (cab). (Entered: 01/13/2009)

Jan. 13, 2009

Jan. 13, 2009

194

ORDER − Considering the Unopposed Submission of West Bank Advanced Studies Magnet Plan and Request for Expedited Consideration 193 , IT IS ORDERED that a fairness hearing is hereby SET for Thursday, January 29, 2009 at 8:30 a.m. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that a telephone status conference with counsel of record is SET for Friday, January 23, 2009 at 9:00 a.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/16/09.(cab) (Entered: 01/16/2009)

Jan. 16, 2009

Jan. 16, 2009

195

ORDER − At the request of counsel, the telephone conference presently scheduled in this matter on Friday, January 23, 2009, at 9:00 a.m., is being moved to Thursday, January 22, 2009, at 9:00 a.m.. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/20/09.(cab) (Entered: 01/20/2009)

Jan. 20, 2009

Jan. 20, 2009

196

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: Telephone Status Conference held on 1/22/2009. (cab) (Entered: 01/22/2009)

Jan. 22, 2009

Jan. 22, 2009

197

Response/Reply by Jefferson Parish School Board to 190 Order on Motion Amended West Bank Advanced Studies Magnet Plan Pursuant to Paragraph 6 of Consent Order Dated May 14, 2008 and Court Order Entered in Document No. 190 and Request for Expedited Consideration (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles) Modified on 1/23/2009 to edit text (cab). (Entered: 01/22/2009)

Jan. 22, 2009

Jan. 22, 2009

198

TRANSCRIPT of Fairness Hearing held on December 12, 2008 before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Court Reporter/Recorder Karen Ibos, Telephone number (504) 589−7776. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Recorder before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Parties have 21 days from the filing of this transcript to file with the Court a Redaction Request. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 4/23/2009. (clu, ) (Entered: 01/23/2009)

Jan. 23, 2009

Jan. 23, 2009

199

Minute Entry for proceedings held before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt: In Chambers Conference held on 1/29/2009. (Court Reporter Cathy Pepper.) (cab) (Entered: 01/29/2009)

Jan. 29, 2009

Jan. 29, 2009

200

ORDER − Considering the Amended West Bank Advanced Studies Magnet Plan Pursuant to Paragraph 6 of Consent Order Dated May 14, 2008 and Court Order Entered in Document No. 190 and Request for Expedited Consideration 197 , IT IS ORDERED that the West Bank advanced studies magnet plan submitted herein by Defendant Jefferson Parish School Board and docketed as Record Document No. 197 is hereby approved for implementation for commencement of School Year 2009 through 2010; and IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that this order shall terminate on the date fixed in the Consent Order entered herein by the court on May 14, 2008. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/29/09.(cab) (Entered: 01/29/2009)

Jan. 29, 2009

Jan. 29, 2009

201

ORDER: IT IS ORDERED that (1) any party or representative of a party who makes representations or assertions contrary to that which is set forth herein, or contrary to the record in these proceedings, or contrary to the transcript of the fairness hearing of 1/29/2009, will CEASE AND DESIST from such representation; (2) within 72 hours after it appears in the record of this case, the transcript of the 1/29/2009 fairness hearing shall be provided to the public by the JPSB on its website or linked to that website in some accessible fashion. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 1/30/09.(tbl) (Entered: 01/30/2009)

Jan. 30, 2009

Jan. 30, 2009

Clearinghouse
203

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION to Intervene as Third−Party Plaintiff by Ronald Elder and Nicole Elder. (Attachments: # 1 Memorandum in Support, # 2 Notice of Hearing, # 3 Proposed Order, # 4 Statement of Counsel Notification)(cab) (Entered: 02/04/2009)

Feb. 3, 2009

Feb. 3, 2009

204

Request/Statement of Oral Argument by Ronald Elder, Nicole Elder regarding 203 MOTION to Intervene (cab) (Entered: 02/04/2009)

Feb. 3, 2009

Feb. 3, 2009

205

ORDER − The Court has received the Motion to Intervene by Plaintiff−Intervenor Ronald Edler and Nicole Edler. IT IS ORDERED that the Clerk will file the motion into the record as Record Document 203 . IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the motion shall be heard on February 25, 2009 at 9:30 a.m. without oral argument. Parties wishing to oppose the motion shall file their objections to the motion to intervene on or before February 17, 2009, and the Plaintiff−Intervenor may respond to any oppositions as per the Local Rules prior to the hearing date. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 2/4/09.(cab) (Entered: 02/04/2009)

Feb. 4, 2009

Feb. 4, 2009

206

ORDERED that within 48 hours of issuance of this Order, the Jefferson Parish School Board shall make available in some conspicuous place on its website the full text of this Order as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 2/10/09.(cab) (Entered: 02/11/2009)

Feb. 11, 2009

Feb. 11, 2009

207

RESPONSE/MEMORANDUM in Opposition filed by Jefferson Parish School Board re 203 MOTION to Intervene as Third Party Plaintiff by Ronald Edler and Nicole Edler . (Patin, Charles) (Entered: 02/12/2009)

Feb. 12, 2009

Feb. 12, 2009

208

RESPONSE/MEMORANDUM in Opposition filed by all plaintiffs re 203 MOTION to Intervene As Third−Party Plaintiff . (Carter, Gideon) (Entered: 02/17/2009)

Feb. 17, 2009

Feb. 17, 2009

209

TRANSCRIPT of Motion Hearing held on January 29, 2009 before Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt. Court Reporter/Recorder Cathy Pepper, Telephone number (504) 589−7779. Transcript may be viewed at the court public terminal or purchased through the Court Reporter/Recorder before the deadline for Release of Transcript Restriction. After that date it may be obtained through PACER. Parties have 21 days from the filing of this transcript to file with the Court a Redaction Request. Release of Transcript Restriction set for 5/19/2009. (clu, ) (Entered: 02/18/2009)

Feb. 18, 2009

Feb. 18, 2009

210

REPLY to Response to Motion filed by Ronald Edler re 203 MOTION to Intervene. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A − JEDCO Report, # 2 Exhibit B − Congressional Record & Sec. 5301)(Perque, Richard) (Entered: 02/23/2009)

Feb. 23, 2009

Feb. 23, 2009

211

ORDER and REASONS − Considering the foregoing, IT IS ORDERED that the Motion to Intervene as Third− Party Plaintiff 203 is hereby DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE as to the right of the Edlers or others similarly situated to re−urge this motion if this matter is later placed on the Court's trial docket. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that within 48 hours of issuance of this Order, the Jefferson Parish School Board shall make available in some conspicuous place on its website the full text of this Order as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/16/09. (cab) (Entered: 03/16/2009)

March 16, 2009

March 16, 2009

212

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION for Extension of Time to File East Bank Advanced Studies Academies Plan by Jefferson Parish School Board. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles) (Entered: 03/23/2009)

March 23, 2009

March 23, 2009

213

ORDER granting 212 Motion for Extension of Time to File East Bank Advanced Studies Academies Plan as stated herein. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 3/24/09. (cab) (Entered: 03/24/2009)

March 24, 2009

March 24, 2009

214

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION for Court Approval to Change Student Attendance Zones to Address School Overcrowding by Jefferson Parish School Board. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Proposed Order)(Patin, Charles)

June 9, 2009

June 9, 2009

216

ORDER − Upon request of the Court−Appointed Monitor, the deadline for the receipt of the July 2009 Monitor's Report is EXTENDED by 15 days. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/23/09.(cab) (Entered: 06/23/2009)

June 23, 2009

June 23, 2009

217

ORDER that (1) by 3:00 pm on June 30, 2009, the school board place this Order, the June 12, 2009 order, & the Motion for Court Approval in a conspicuous place on its website & confirm the compliance to the Court in writing; (2) by 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, the School Board is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE in writing why the Court should not extend the comments period an additional three weeks and/or set a fairness hearing; and (3) by 5:00 p.m. on Wednesday, July 1, 2009, the school board is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE in writing as to why the Court should not impose an appropriate monetary sanction on it and/or its counsel of record faor failure to comply with the Court's June 12th Order. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 6/29/09.(tbl) (Entered: 06/29/2009)

June 29, 2009

June 29, 2009

218

RESPONSE TO ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by Jefferson Parish School Board re 217 Order,, (Grant, Jack) (Entered: 07/01/2009)

July 1, 2009

July 1, 2009

219

RESPONSE TO ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE by Jefferson Parish School Board re 217 Order,, (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1)(Grant, Jack) (Entered: 07/01/2009)

July 1, 2009

July 1, 2009

220

ORDERED that (1) the period of time in which the Court will entertain written comments on the 214 MOTION for Court Approval to Change Student Attendance Zones to Address School Overcrowding is EXTENDED to 5 p.m. on 7/17/2009 as set forth in document; (2) future failures to post the Orders of the Court as ordered will result, without further notice, in sanctions as set forth in document; and (3) by 4 p.m. on 7/27/2009, the Jefferson Parish School Board shall make available in some conspicuous place on its website the full text of this Order. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt.(gec, ) (Entered: 07/06/2009)

July 6, 2009

July 6, 2009

221

ORDERED that a telephone conference in this matter is SET for Wednesday, July 22, 2009, at 3:00 p.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/21/09.(cab) (Entered: 07/21/2009)

July 21, 2009

July 21, 2009

222

EXPARTE/CONSENT MOTION to Enroll Michael G. Fanning as Counsel of Record by Jefferson Parish School Board. (Attachments: # 1 Proposed Order, # 2 CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE)(Grant, Jack) Modified on 7/23/2009 to edit text (cab). (Entered: 07/22/2009)

July 22, 2009

July 22, 2009

223

ORDER granting 214 Motion for Court Approval to Change Student Attendance Zones to Address School Overcrowding as stated within document. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that by 5 p.m. on Thursday, July 23, 2009, the school board shall post this Order in a conspicuous place on its website. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/21/09. (cab) (Entered: 07/22/2009)

July 22, 2009

July 22, 2009

224

ORDERED that the telephone conference in this matter set for Wednesday, July 22, 2009, at 3:00 p.m. is CONTINUED until Thursday, July 23, 2009, at 1:30 p.m. The Court will initiate the call. Signed by Judge Kurt D. Engelhardt on 7/21/09.(cab) (Entered: 07/22/2009)

July 22, 2009

July 22, 2009

Case Details

State / Territory: Louisiana

Case Type(s):

School Desegregation

Special Collection(s):

Multi-LexSum (in sample)

Key Dates

Filing Date: July 30, 1964

Closing Date: 2011

Case Ongoing: No

Plaintiffs

Plaintiff Description:

African American children enrolled in Jefferson Parish Public Schools

Plaintiff Type(s):

Private Plaintiff

Public Interest Lawyer: Yes

Filed Pro Se: No

Class Action Sought: Yes

Class Action Outcome: Unknown

Defendants

Jefferson Parish School Board, School District

Defendant Type(s):

Elementary/Secondary School

Case Details

Causes of Action:

42 U.S.C. § 1983

Constitutional Clause(s):

Equal Protection

Available Documents:

Trial Court Docket

Complaint (any)

Injunctive (or Injunctive-like) Relief

Any published opinion

U.S. Supreme Court merits opinion

Outcome

Prevailing Party: Plaintiff

Nature of Relief:

Injunction / Injunctive-like Settlement

Attorneys fees

Preliminary injunction / Temp. restraining order

Source of Relief:

Settlement

Litigation

Form of Settlement:

Court Approved Settlement or Consent Decree

Private Settlement Agreement

Order Duration: 1965 - 2011

Content of Injunction:

Preliminary relief granted

Preliminary relief denied

Magnet school

Busing

Student assignment

Discrimination Prohibition

Reporting

Recordkeeping

Monitoring

Issues

General:

Buildings

Disciplinary procedures

Education

Funding

Racial segregation

Record-keeping

Records Disclosure

School/University Facilities

School/University policies

Transportation

Discrimination-area:

Disparate Impact

Disparate Treatment

Discrimination-basis:

Race discrimination

Race:

Black

Type of Facility:

Government-run